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Hydro-climatic changes promote shifts in zooplankton composition and diversity in wetlands of the Lower Paraná River Delta

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Abstract

The Paraná River Delta is one of the most biodiverse and largest mosaic of wetland ecosystems in South America. Yet its natural hydrological patterns are being strongly distorted by sustained land use intensification and extraordinary severe droughts. Understanding whether the aforementioned processes negatively affect wetland biodiversity is urgently needed to delineate accurate conservation actions. In this study we analyzed zooplankton diversity patterns at the local and regional scales, as well as compared species composition between natural (freshwater marshes) and artificial water bodies (ditches), all of them affected by livestock activities. Our study involved two hydro-meteorologically contrasting conditions within two consecutive years of sustained drought: a high water stage (HW) and a low water stage (LW). Adverse environmental conditions in the LW period enhanced local zooplankton abundance and taxonomic richness, but decreased beta diversity and individual biomass, leading to a simplification of functional diversity. Species composition differed between freshwater marshes and ditches; however, they equally contributed to the zooplankton diversity metrics, suggesting that both kinds of freshwaters acted as complementary contributors to regional zooplankton diversity. Considering the regional drought patterns occurring in this landscape, we expect a generalized biotic and functional homogenization of zooplankton wetland diversity in the very next few years.

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The materials described in the manuscript, including all relevant raw data, will be freely available to any researcher wishing to use them for non-commercial purposes, without breaching participant confidentiality.

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Acknowledgements

We are grateful to Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET). This study was supported by the grants of the Agencia Nacional de Promoción Científica y Tecnológica (PICT 2017-2982 and PICT-2018-02203) and the “Corredor Azul” Program from Fundación Humedales/Wetlands International-DBO Ecology. We thank Esteban Creus, Luciana Montalto and Javier Lopez for the field assistance. We thank the reviewers who provided useful comments and suggestions to improve the manuscript.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Instituto Nacional de Limnología (CONICET-UNL), Ciudad Universitaria, 3000, Santa Fe, Argentina

    María Florencia Gutierrez, Gisela Mayora, Celeste Mora & Leticia Mesa

  2. Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Escuela Superior de Sanidad “Dr. Ramón Carrillo”, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Ciudad Universitaria, 3000, Santa Fe, Argentina

    María Florencia Gutierrez

  3. Centro de Investigación Esquel de Montaña y Estepa Patagónica (CONICET-UNPSJB), Esquel, Argentina

    Luis Beltrán Epele

  4. Instituto de Investigación e Ingeniería Ambiental (IIIA), CONICET - UNSAM, Campus Miguelete, 25 de Mayo y Francia, 1650, San Martín, Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina

    Diego Aquino & Rubén Quintana

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  1. María Florencia Gutierrez
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  2. Luis Beltrán Epele
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Correspondence to María Florencia Gutierrez.

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Gutierrez, M.F., Epele, L.B., Mayora, G. et al. Hydro-climatic changes promote shifts in zooplankton composition and diversity in wetlands of the Lower Paraná River Delta. Hydrobiologia 849, 3463–3480 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10750-022-04955-0

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