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Impact of reservoirs on zooplankton diversity and implications for the conservation of natural aquatic environments

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Abstract

Reservoirs are intermediate ecosystems between rivers and lakes. These ecosystems break up the landscape by forming artificial lakes connected by rivers and change important ecological processes of lotic ecosystems (e.g. organic matter production and nutrient cycling) and thus have direct effects on aquatic biodiversity. We test the hypothesis that damming water courses exerts a negative effect on the zooplankton community by decreasing the alpha diversity. Samplings were conducted in 30 reservoirs and 29 natural lakes in the Neotropics, during two hydrological periods (dry and rainy) in 2001. The study analysed differences in alpha diversity, the number of rare, accessory and constant species, and species composition between the types of lakes. Alpha diversity was significantly higher in natural lakes and species composition differed between natural lakes and reservoirs. Zooplankton alpha diversity was positively related to total phosphorus (best model), indicating that productive environments (natural lakes) gather more species. Our results suggest that reservoirs have negative effect on community structure, whereas natural lakes have an important ecological function for biodiversity conservation because they are refuges for biodiversity.

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Acknowledgements

The authors thank the Nupélia and the Graduate Program in Continental Aquatic Environments for providing logistical support; PROEX/Capes; LTER (site 6)/CNPq for providing financial support; CNPq for providing post-doctoral and Research Productivity scholarships, and Jaime L.P. Pereira for design graphic of the map. We thank the anonymous reviewers who substantially contributed to the improvement of the manuscript.

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  1. Centro de Formação em Ciências Ambientais, Universidade Federal do Sul da Bahia, BR 367, Km 10, Rodovia Porto Seguro - Eunápolis, Porto Seguro, BA, CEP 45810-000, Brazil

    Nadson R. Simões

  2. Núcleo de Pesquisas em Limnologia, Ictiologia e Aquicultura (Nupélia), Programa de Pós Graduação em Ecologia de Ambientes Aquáticos Continentais (PEA), Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá, Paraná, Brazil

    Ariádine H. Nunes, Juliana D. Dias, Fábio A. Lansac-Tôha, Luiz Felipe M. Velho & Cláudia C. Bonecker

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  1. Nadson R. Simões
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Simões, N.R., Nunes, A.H., Dias, J.D. et al. Impact of reservoirs on zooplankton diversity and implications for the conservation of natural aquatic environments. Hydrobiologia 758, 3–17 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10750-015-2260-y

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