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Assessment of heavy metals and environmental stress conditions on the production potential of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) in indigenous microalgae isolated from the Gulf of Mannar coastal waters

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Abstract

The present study evaluated the effects of heavy metals, viz., lead, mercury, and cadmium, on growth, chlorophyll a, b, c, carotenoids, and PUFA content of marine microalgae Chlorella sp. and Cylindrotheca fusiformis. At 96-h exposure, the IC50 values for Hg2+, Pb2+, and Cd2+ were 0.85 mg/L, 2.4 mg/L, and 5.3 mg/L respectively, in Chlorella sp. In C. fusiformis, IC50 values for Hg2+, Pb2+, and Cd2+ were 0.5 mg/L, 1.2 mg/L, and 3 mg/L respectively. The pigment contents of both microalgae were significantly affected upon heavy metal exposure. In Chlorella sp. and C. fusiformis, the exposed concentrations of Hg2+ averagely decreased the PUFA content by 76.34% and 78.68%, respectively. Similarly, Pb2+-exposed concentrations resulted in 54.50% and 82.64% average reductions in PUFA content of Chlorella sp. and C. fusiformis, respectively. Cd2+-exposed concentrations showed 32.58% and 40.54% average reduction in PUFA content of Chlorella sp. and C. fusiformis, respectively. Among the environmental stress conditions, the dark treatment has increased total PUFA content by 6.63% in Chlorella sp. and 3.92% in C. fusiformis. It was observed that the 50% nitrogen starvation (two-stage) significantly improved the PUFA production from 26.47 ± 6.55% to 40.92 ± 10.74% in Chlorella sp. and from 11.23 ± 5.01 to 32.8 ± 14.17% in C. fusiformis. The toxicity for both microalgae was followed in the order Hg2+ > Pb2+ > Cd2+. Among the two species, Chlorella sp. has shown a high tolerance to heavy metals and can be effectively utilized in PUFA production.

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Acknowledgements

The authors sincerely thank Tamil Nadu Dr. J. Jayalalithaa Fisheries University for the extending facilities and support to carry out this research as a part of the research work.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Aquatic Environment Management, Fisheries College and Research Institute, Tamil Nadu Dr. J. Jayalalithaa Fisheries University, Thoothukudi, 628 008, Tamil Nadu, India

    Rishikesh Venkatrao Kadam, V. Rani, P. Padmavathy & M. J. Thamarai Selvi

  2. Department of Fish Quality Assurance and Management, Fisheries College and Research Institute, Tamil Nadu Dr. J. Jayalalithaa Fisheries University, Thoothukudi, 628 008, Tamil Nadu, India

    R. Shalini

  3. Department of Fish Pathology and Health Management, Fisheries College and Research Institute, Tamil Nadu Dr. J. Jayalalithaa Fisheries University, Thoothukudi, 628 008, Tamil Nadu, India

    Swapnil Ananda Narsale

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Contributions

Rishikesh Venkatrao Kadam: Investigation, Validation, Visualization, Writing – original draft.

V. Rani: Conceptualization, Resources, Supervision, Writing – review & editing.

P. Padmavathy: Conceptualization, Writing – review & editing.

R. Shalini: Validation, Visualization & editing.

M.J Thamarai Selvi: Conceptualization, Formal analysis.

Swapnil Ananda Narsale: Formal analysis & Conceptualization.

Rishikesh Venkatrao Kadam: investigation, validation, visualization, writing—original draft. V. Rani: conceptualization, resources, supervision, writing—review and editing. P. Padmavathy: conceptualization, writing—review and editing. R. Shalini: investigation, validation, visualization. M. J. Thamarai Selvi: conceptualization and formal analysis. Swapnil Ananda Narsale: conceptualization and formal analysis.

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Correspondence to V. Rani.

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Kadam, R.V., Rani, V., Padmavathy, P. et al. Assessment of heavy metals and environmental stress conditions on the production potential of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) in indigenous microalgae isolated from the Gulf of Mannar coastal waters. Environ Monit Assess 196, 301 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-024-12447-y

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