Abstract
The application of 3D printing technologies fields for biological tissues, organs, and cells in the context of medical and biotechnology applications requires a significant amount of innovation in a narrow printability range. 3D bioprinting is one such way of addressing critical design challenges in tissue engineering. In a more general sense, 3D printing has become essential in customized implant designing, faithful reproduction of microenvironmental niches, sustainable development of implants, in the capacity to address issues of effective cellular integration, and long-term stability of the cellular constructs in tissue engineering. This review covers various aspects of 3D bioprinting, describes the current state-of-the-art solutions for all aforementioned critical issues, and includes various illustrative representations of technologies supporting the development of phases of 3D bioprinting. It also demonstrates several bio-inks and their properties crucial for being used for 3D printing applications. The review focus on bringing together different examples and current trends in tissue engineering applications, including bone, cartilage, muscles, neuron, skin, esophagus, trachea, tympanic membrane, cornea, blood vessel, immune system, and tumor models utilizing 3D printing technology and to provide an outlook of the future potentials and barriers.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Aktaş B et al (2018) Biomaterials and immune response. CRC Press
Alomari M, Mohamed FH, Basit AW, Gaisford S (2015) Personalised dosing: printing a dose of one’s own medicine. Int J Pharm 494(2):568–577
Arenas M, Sabater S, Sintas A, Arguís M, Hernández V, Árquez M, López I, Rovirosa À, Puig D (2017) Individualized 3D scanning and printing for non-melanoma skin cancer brachytherapy: a financial study for its integration into clinical workflow. J Contemp Brachyther 9(3):270
Baldwin P, Li DJ, Auston DA, Mir HS, Yoon RS, Koval KJ (2019) Autograft, allograft, and bone graft substitutes: clinical evidence and indications for use in the setting of orthopaedic trauma surgery. J Orthop Trauma 33(4):203–213
Barthes J, Dollinger C, Muller CB, Liivas U, Dupret-Bories A, Knopf-Marques H, Vrana NE (2018) Immune assisted tissue engineering via incorporation of macrophages in cell-laden hydrogels under cytokine stimulation. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 6:108
Bayrak E, YilgorHuri P (2018) Engineering musculoskeletal tissue interfaces. Front Mater 5:24
Bertassoni LE, Cecconi M, Manoharan V, Nikkhah M, Hjortnaes J, Cristino AL, Khademhosseini A (2014) Hydrogel bioprinted microchannel networks for vascularization of tissue engineering constructs. Lab Chip 14(13):2202–2211
Binan L, Ajji A, De Crescenzo G, Jolicoeur M (2014) Approaches for neural tissue regeneration. Stem Cell Rev Reports 10(1):44–59
Binder KW, Zhao W, Aboushwareb T, Dice D, Atala A, Yoo JJ (2010) In situ bioprinting of the skin for burns. J Am Coll Surg 211:S76
Blatt NL et al (2013) Application of cell and tissue culture systems for anticancer drug screening. World Appl Sci J 23(3):315–325
Bruyas A, Moeinzadeh S, Kim S, Lowenberg DW, Yang YP (2019) Effect of electron beam sterilization on three-dimensional-printed polycaprolactone/beta-tricalcium phosphate scaffolds for bone tissue engineering. Tissue Eng Part A 25(3–4):248–256
Brzeziński M et al (2019) Evaluation of local tissue reaction after the application of a 3D printed novel holdfast device for left atrial appendage exclusion. Ann Biomed Eng. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10439-019-02320-2
Campana V, Milano GIUSEPPE, Pagano E, Barba M, Cicione C, Salonna G, Logroscino G (2014) Bone substitutes in orthopaedic surgery: from basic science to clinical practice. J Mater Sci Mater Med 25(10):2445–2461
Carrow JK, Di Luca A, Dolatshahi-Pirouz A, Moroni L, Gaharwar AK (2019) 3D-printed bioactive scaffolds from nanosilicates and PEOT/PBT for bone tissue engineering. Regen Biomater 6(1):29–37
Castro NJ, O’brien J, Zhang LG (2015) Integrating biologically inspired nanomaterials and table-top stereolithography for 3D printed biomimetic osteochondral scaffolds. Nanoscale 7(33):14010–14022
Cavo M, Scaglione S (2016) Scaffold microstructure effects on functional and mechanical performance: integration of theoretical and experimental approaches for bone tissue engineering applications. Mater Sci Eng C 68:872–879
Chan DS, Fnais N, Ibrahim I, Daniel S, Manoukian J (2019) Exploring polycaprolactone in tracheal surgery: A scoping review of in-vivo studies. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijporl.2019.04.039
Chen CH, Shyu VBH, Chen JP, Lee MY (2014) Selective laser sintered poly-ε-caprolactone scaffold hybridized with collagen hydrogel for cartilage tissue engineering. Biofabrication 6(1):015004
Chen L, Deng C, Li J, Yao Q, Chang J, Wang L, Wu C (2019) 3D printing of a lithium-calcium-silicate crystal bioscaffold with dual bioactivities for osteochondral interface reconstruction. Biomaterials 196:138–150
Chimene D et al (2016) Advanced bioinks for 3D printing: a materials science perspective. Ann Biomed Eng 44(6):2090–2102
Chiu YC, Fang HY, Hsu TT, Lin CY, Shie MY (2017) The characteristics of Mineral Trioxide Aggregate/polycaprolactone 3-dimensional scaffold with osteogenesis properties for tissue regeneration. J Endod 43(6):923–929
Chulpanova DS, Kitaeva KV, Tazetdinova LG, James V, Rizvanov AA, Solovyeva VV (2018) Application of mesenchymal stem cells for therapeutic agent delivery in anti-tumor treatment. Front Pharmacol 9:259
Cui H et al (2017) 3D bioprinting for organ regeneration. Adv Healthc Mater 6(1):1601118
Daga D, Mehrotra D, Mohammad S, Chandra S, Singh G, Mehrotra D (2018) J Oral BiolCraniofac Res 8:20
Daly AC, Cunniffe GM, Sathy BN, Jeon O, Alsberg E, Kelly DJ (2016) 3D bioprinting of developmentally inspired templates for whole bone organ engineering. Adv Healthc Mater 5(18):2353–2362
Das S, Pati F, Choi YJ, Rijal G, Shim JH, Kim SW, Ghosh S (2015) Bioprintable, cell-laden silk fibroin–gelatin hydrogel supporting multilineage differentiation of stem cells for fabrication of three-dimensional tissue constructs. Actabiomaterialia 11:233–246
Debry C, Vrana NE, Dupret-Bories A (2017) Implantation of an artificial larynx after total laryngectomy. N Engl J Med 376(1):97–98
Derakhshanfar S, Mbeleck R, Xu K, Zhang X, Zhong W, Xing M (2018) 3D bioprinting for biomedical devices and tissue engineering: a review of recent trends and advances. Bioact Mater 3(2):144–156
Di Giuseppe M, Law N, Webb B, Macrae RA, Liew LJ, Sercombe TB, Doyle BJ (2018) Mechanical behaviour of alginate-gelatin hydrogels for 3D bioprinting. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 79:150–157
Diaz-Gomez L, Smith BT, Kontoyiannis PD, Bittner SM, Melchiorri AJ, Mikos AG (2019) Multimaterial segmented fiber printing for gradient tissue engineering. Tissue Eng Part C Methods 25(1):12–24
Diker N, Gulsever S, Koroglu T, Akcay EY, Oguz Y (2018) Effects of hyaluronic acid and hydroxyapatite/beta-tricalcium phosphate in combination on bone regeneration of a critical-size defect in an experimental model. J Craniofac Surg 29(4):1087–1093
Dollinger C, Ciftci S, Knopf-Marques H, Guner R, Ghaemmaghami AM, Debry C, Vrana NE (2018) Incorporation of resident macrophages in engineered tissues: multiple cell type response to microenvironment controlled macrophage-laden gelatine hydrogels. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 12(2):330–340
Domingo-Roca R, Tiller B, Jackson JC, Windmill JFC (2018) Bio-inspired 3D-printed piezoelectric device for acoustic frequency selection. Sens Actuators A 271:1–8
Dussoyer M, Courtial EJ, Albouy M, Thépot A, Dos Santos M, Marquette CA (2019) Mechanical properties of 3D bioprinted dermis: characterization and improvement. Science Repository OÜ: Lewes, DE, USA
Eosoly S, Vrana NE, Lohfeld S, Hindie M, Looney L (2012) Interaction of cell culture with composition effects on the mechanical properties of polycaprolactone-hydroxyapatite scaffolds fabricated via selective laser sintering (SLS). Mater Sci Eng C 32(8):2250–2257
Fedorovich NE, Schuurman W, Wijnberg HM, Prins H-J, Van Weeren PR, Malda J, Alblas J, Dhert WJ (2011) Biofabrication of osteochondral tissue equivalents by printing topologically defined, cell-laden hydrogel scaffolds. Tissue Eng Part C Methods 18(1):33–44
Gao G, Cui X (2016) Three-dimensional bioprinting in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. Biotech Lett 38(2):203–211
Gergely RC, Pety SJ, Krull BP, Patrick JF, Doan TQ, Coppola AM, White SR (2015) Multidimensional vascularized polymers using degradable sacrificial templates. Adv Func Mater 25(7):1043–1052
Glatzel S, Hezwani M, Kitson PJ, Gromski PS, Schürer S, Cronin L (2016) A portable 3D printer system for the diagnosis and treatment of multidrug-resistant bacteria. Chem 1(3):494–504
Goto H, Yano S, Matsumori Y, Ogawa H, Blakey DC, Sone S (2004) Sensitization of tumor-associated endothelial cell apoptosis by the novel vascular-targeting agent ZD6126 in combination with cisplatin. Clin Cancer Res 10(22):7671–7676
Gudapati H, Yan J, Huang Y, Chrisey DB (2014) Alginate gelation-induced cell death during laser-assisted cell printing. Biofabrication 6(3):035022
Gupta S, Bissoyi A, Bit A (2018) A review on 3D printable techniques for tissue engineering. BioNanoScience 8(3):868–883
FN Habib, M Nikzad, SH Masood & ABM Saifullah (2016) Design and development of scaffolds for tissue engineering using three-dimensional printing for bio-based applications. 3D Print Addit Manuf, 3(2): 119–127.
Heemels M-T (2016) Neurodegenerative diseases. Nature 539(7628):179–180
Heinrich MA, Bansal R, Lammers T, Zhang YS, Michel Schiffelers R, Prakash J (2019) 3D-bioprinted mini-brain: a glioblastoma model to study cellular interactions and therapeutics. Adv Mater 31(14):1806590
Highley CB, Rodell CB, Burdick JA (2015) Direct 3D printing of shear-thinning hydrogels into self-healing hydrogels. Adv Mater 27(34):5075–5079
Hinton TJ, Jallerat Q, Palchesko RN, Park JH, Grodzicki MS, Shue HJ, Feinberg AW (2015) Three-dimensional printing of complex biological structures by freeform reversible embedding of suspended hydrogels. Sci Adv 1(9):e1500758
Hixon KR, Lu T, Sell SA (2017) A comprehensive review of cryogels and their roles in tissue engineering applications. Actabiomaterialia 62:29–41
Hoarau-Véchot J, Rafii A, Touboul C, Pasquier J (2018) Halfway between 2D and animal models: are 3D cultures the ideal tool to study cancer-microenvironment interactions? Int J Mol Sci 19(1):181
Hsieh CT, Liao CY, Dai NT, Tseng CS, Yen BL, Hsu SH (2018) 3D printing of tubular scaffolds with elasticity and complex structure from multiple waterborne polyurethanes for tracheal tissue engineering. Appl Mater Today 12:330–341
Hu Y, Wu Y, Gou Z, Tao J, Zhang J, Liu Q, Kang T, Jiang S, Huang S, He J (2016) 3D-engineering of cellularized conduits for peripheral nerve regeneration. Sci Rep 6:32184
Huang S, Yao B, Xie J, Fu X (2016) 3D bioprinted extracellular matrix mimics facilitate directed differentiation of epithelial progenitors for sweat gland regeneration. Actabiomaterialia 32:170–177
Isaacson A, Swioklo S, Connon CJ (2018) 3D bioprinting of a corneal stroma equivalent. Exp Eye Res 173:188–193
Jang CH, Ahn S, Lee JW, Lee BH, Lee H, Kim G (2017) Mesenchymal stem cell-laden hybrid scaffold for regenerating subacute tympanic membrane perforation. Mater Sci Eng C 72:456–463
Ji S, Guvendiren M (2017) Recent advances in bioink design for 3D bioprinting of tissues and organs. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 5:23
Ji S, Almeida E, Guvendiren M (2019a) 3D bioprinting of complex channels within cell-laden hydrogels. Actabiomaterialia 95:214–224
Ji S, Dube K, Chesterman JP, Fung SL, Liaw CY, Kohn J, Guvendiren M (2019b) Polyester-based ink platform with tunable bioactivity for 3D printing of tissue engineering scaffolds. Biomater Sci 7(2):560–570
Jia W, Gungor-Ozkerim PS, Zhang YS, Yue K, Zhu K, Liu W, Khademhosseini A (2016) Direct 3D bioprinting of perfusable vascular constructs using a blend bioink. Biomaterials 106:58–68
Jiang T, Munguia-Lopez J, Flores-Torres S, Grant J, Vijayakumar S, De Leon-Rodriguez A, Kinsella JM (2018) Bioprintable alginate/gelatin hydrogel 3D in vitro model systems induce cell spheroid formation. JoVE 137:e57826
Jones N (2012) Science in three dimensions: the print revolution. Nat News 487(7405):22
Keriquel V, Oliveira H, Rémy M, Ziane S, Delmond S, Rousseau B, Fricain JC (2017) In situ printing of mesenchymal stromal cells, by laser-assisted bioprinting, for in vivo bone regeneration applications. Sci Rep 7(1):1–10
Khan MS, Fon D, Li X, Tian J, Forsythe J, Garnier G, Shen W (2010) Biosurface engineering through ink jet printing. Coll Surf B 75(2):441–447
Kim, H., Jang, J., Kim, H. K., Kim, K. H., & Cho, D. W. (2018, October). 3D cell printed corneal stromal analogues for corneal tissue engineering. In 2018 IEEE International Conference on Cyborg and Bionic Systems (CBS) (pp. 191–194). IEEE.
Kim K, Yeatts A, Dean D, Fisher JP (2010) Stereolithographic bone scaffold design parameters: osteogenic differentiation and signal expression. Tissue Eng Part B Rev 16(5):523–539
Kingsley DM, Roberge CL, Rudkouskaya A, Faulkner DE, Barroso M, Intes X, Corr DT (2019) Laser-based 3D bioprinting for spatial and size control of tumor spheroids and embryoid bodies. Actabiomaterialia 95:357–370
Knowlton S, Onal S, Yu CH, Zhao JJ, Tasoglu S (2015) Bioprinting for cancer research. Trends Biotechnol 33(9):504–513
Kolesky DB, Homan KA, Skylar-Scott MA, Lewis JA (2016) Three-dimensional bioprinting of thick vascularized tissues. Proc Natl Acad Sci 113(12):3179–3184
Kozin ED, Black NL, Cheng JT, Cotler MJ, McKenna MJ, Lee DJ, Remenschneider AK (2016) Design, fabrication, and in vitro testing of novel three-dimensionally printed tympanic membrane grafts. Hear Res 340:191–203
Kuo CH, Wu HM (2017) Comparison of endoscopic and microscopic tympanoplasty. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 274(7):2727–2732
Lee, V. K., Yoo, S., Zou, H., Friedel, R., & Dai, G. (2016, December). 3D Bio-Printed Model of Glioblastoma-Vascular Niche. In TISSUE ENGINEERING PART A (Vol. 22, pp. S60-S61). 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA: MARY ANN LIEBERT, INC.
Lee V, Singh G, Trasatti JP, Bjornsson C, Xu X, Tran TN, Karande P (2014) Design and fabrication of human skin by three-dimensional bioprinting. Tissue Eng Part C Methods 20(6):473–484
Leong KF, Chua SC, Sudarmadji N, Yeong WY (2008) Engineering functionally graded tissue engineering scaffolds. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 1(2):140–152
Lewis, J. A., Kolesky, D. B., Skylar-Scott, M. A., Homan, K. A., Truby, R. L., &Gladman, A. S. (2018). U.S. Patent No. 10,117,968. Washington, DC: U.S. Patent and Trademark Office.
Li T, Peng M, Yang Z, Zhou X, Deng Y, Jiang C, Wang J (2018) 3D-printed IFN-γ-loading calcium silicate-β-tricalcium phosphate scaffold sequentially activates M1 and M2 polarization of macrophages to promote vascularization of tissue engineering bone. Actabiomaterialia 71:96–107
Liao HT, Lee MY, Tsai WW, Wang HC, Lu WC (2016) Osteogenesis of adipose-derived stem cells on polycaprolactone–β-tricalcium phosphate scaffold fabricated via selective laser sintering and surface coating with collagen type I. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 10(10):E337–E353
Loessner D, Meinert C, Kaemmerer E, Martine LC, Yue K, Levett PA, Hutmacher DW (2016) Functionalization, preparation and use of cell-laden gelatin methacryloyl–based hydrogels as modular tissue culture platforms. Nat Protoc 11(4):727
Ma X, Liu J, Zhu W, Tang M, Lawrence N, Yu C, Gou M, Chen S (2018) 3D bioprinting of functional tissue models for personalized drug screening and in vitro disease modeling. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 132:235–251
Mandrycky C, Wang Z, Kim K, Kim DH (2016) 3D bioprinting for engineering complex tissues. Biotechnol Adv 34(4):422–434
McHugh KJ, Saint-Geniez M, Tao SL (2013) Topographical control of ocular cell types for tissue engineering. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 101(8):1571–1584
Memic A, Colombani T, Eggermont LJ, Rezaeeyazdi M, Steingold J, Rogers ZJ, Bencherif SA (2019) Latest advances in cryogel technology for biomedical applications. Adv Ther 2(4):1800114
Meng F, Meyer CM, Joung D, Vallera DA, McAlpine MC, Panoskaltsis-Mortari A (2019) 3D bioprinted in vitro metastatic models via reconstruction of tumor microenvironments. Adv Mater 31(10):1806899
Mignon A, Graulus GJ, Snoeck D, Martins J, De Belie N, Dubruel P, Van Vlierberghe S (2015) pH-sensitive superabsorbent polymers: a potential candidate material for self-healing concrete. J Mater Sci 50(2):970–979
Mohammed, M., Fitzpatrick, A., Malyala, S., & Gibson, I. (2016, August). Customised design and development of patient specific 3D printed whole mandible implant. In Proceedings of the 27th Annual International Solid Freeform Fabrication Symposium (pp. 1708–1717).
Mohamed MA, Fallahi A, El-Sokkary AM, Salehi S, Akl MA, Jafari A, Cheng C (2019) Stimuli-responsive hydrogels for manipulation of cell microenvironment: from chemistry to biofabrication technology. Prog Polym Sci 98:101147
Morrison RJ, Hollister SJ, Niedner MF, Mahani MG, Park AH, Mehta DK, Green GE (2015) Mitigation of tracheobronchomalacia with 3D-printed personalized medical devices in pediatric patients. Sci Transl Med. https://doi.org/10.1126/scitranslmed.3010825
Morrison RJ, Kashlan KN, Flanangan CL, Wright JK, Green GE, Hollister SJ, Weatherwax KJ (2015b) Regulatory considerations in the design and manufacturing of implantable 3D-printed medical devices. Clin Transl Sci 8(5):594–600
Murphy SV, Atala A (2014a) Review 3D bioprinting of tissues and organs. Nat Publ Group 32(8):773–785
Murphy SV, Atala A (2014) 3D bioprinting of tissues and organs. Nat Biotechnol 32(8):773–785
Nadgorny M, Collins J, Xiao Z, Scales PJ, Connal LA (2018) 3D-printing of dynamic self-healing cryogels with tuneable properties. Polym Chem 9(13):1684–1692
Naghieh S, Ravari MK, Badrossamay M, Foroozmehr E, Kadkhodaei M (2016) Numerical investigation of the mechanical properties of the additive manufactured bone scaffolds fabricated by FDM: the effect of layer penetration and post-heating. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 59:241–250
Nakamura M et al (2005) Biocompatible inkjet printing technique for designed seeding of individual living cells. Tissue Eng 11(11):1658–1666
Nam K-H, Smith AS, Lone S, Kwon S, Kim D-H (2015) Biomimetic 3D tissue models for advanced high-throughput drug screening. J Lab Autom 20(3):201–215
Ng WL, Qi JTZ, Yeong WY, Naing MW (2018) Proof-of-concept: 3D bioprinting of pigmented human skin constructs. Biofabrication 10(2):025005
Ning L, Chen X (2017) A brief review of extrusion-based tissue scaffold bio-printing. Biotechnol J 12(8):1600671
Noh I, Kim N, Tran HN, Lee J, Lee C (2019) 3D printable hyaluronic acid-based hydrogel for its potential application as a bioink in tissue engineering. Biomater Res 23(1):3
Novosel EC, Kleinhans C, Kluger PJ (2011) Vascularization is the key challenge in tissue engineering. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 63(4–5):300–311
O’Bryan CS, Bhattacharjee T, Niemi SR, Balachandar S, Baldwin N, Ellison ST, Angelini TE (2017) Three-dimensional printing with sacrificial materials for soft matter manufacturing. MRS Bull 42(8):571–577
Ozbolat IT, Hospodiuk M (2016) Current advances and future perspectives in extrusion-based bioprinting. Biomaterials 76:321–343
Panwar A, Tan LP (2016) Current status of bioinks for micro-extrusion-based 3D bioprinting. Molecules 21(6):685
Park SH, Park SR, Chung SI, Pai KS, Min BH (2005) Tissue-engineered cartilage using fibrin/hyaluronan composite gel and its in vivo implantation. Artif Organs 29(10):838–845
Park JH, Park JY, Nam IC, Ahn M, Lee JY, Choi SH, Cho DW (2018) A rational tissue engineering strategy based on three-dimensional (3D) printing for extensive circumferential tracheal reconstruction. Biomaterials 185:276–283
Pati F, Gantelius J, Svahn HA (2016) 3D bioprinting of tissue/organ models. Angew Chem Int Ed 55(15):4650–4665
Piard C, Baker H, Kamalitdinov T, Fisher J (2019) Bioprinted osteon-like scaffolds enhance in vivo neovascularization. Biofabrication 11(2):025013
Pourchet LJ, Thepot A, Albouy M, Courtial EJ, Boher A, Blum LJ, Marquette CA (2017) Human skin 3D bioprinting using scaffold-free approach. Adv Healthc Mater 6(4):1601101
Purves T, Middlemas A, Agthong S, Jude EB, Boulton AJ, Fernyhough P, Tomlinson DR (2001) A role for mitogen‐activated protein kinases in the etiology of diabetic neuropathy. FASEB J 15(13):2508–2514
Qi D, Wu S, Kuss MA, Shi W, Chung S, Deegan PT, Duan B (2018) Mechanically robust cryogels with injectability and bioprinting supportability for adipose tissue engineering. Actabiomaterialia 74:131–142
Randall MJ, Jüngel A, Rimann M, Wuertz-Kozak K (2018) Advances in the biofabrication of 3D skin in vitro: healthy and pathological models. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 6:154
Roskies M, Jordan JO, Fang D, Abdallah MN, Hier MP, Mlynarek A, Tran SD (2016) Improving PEEK bioactivity for craniofacial reconstruction using a 3D printed scaffold embedded with mesenchymal stem cells. J Biomater Appl 31(1):132–139
Rowley JA, Madlambayan G, Mooney DJ (1999) Alginate hydrogels as synthetic extracellular matrix materials. Biomaterials 20(1):45–53
Schlachetzki J, Saliba SW, Oliveira ACPd (2013) Studying neurodegenerative diseases in culture models. Braz J Psychiatr 35:S92–S100
Seidenstuecker M, Kerr L, Bernstein A, Mayr HO, Suedkamp NP, Gadow R, Esslinger S (2018) 3D powder printed bioglass and β-tricalcium phosphate bone scaffolds. Materials 11(1):13
Singh D, Harding AJ, Albadawi E, Boissonade FM, Haycock JW, Claeyssens F (2018) Additive manufactured biodegradable poly (glycerol sebacate methacrylate) nerve guidance conduits. Actabiomaterialia 78:48–63
Skardal A, Atala A (2015) Biomaterials for integration with 3-D bioprinting. Ann Biomed Eng 43(3):730–746
Skardal A, Zhang J, McCoard L, Oottamasathien S, Prestwich GD (2010) Dynamically crosslinked gold nanoparticle–hyaluronan hydrogels. Adv Mater 22(42):4736–4740
Sorkio A, Koch L, Koivusalo L, Deiwick A, Miettinen S, Chichkov B, Skottman H (2018) Human stem cell based corneal tissue mimicking structures using laser-assisted 3D bioprinting and functional bioinks. Biomaterials 171:57–71
Sun J, Tan H (2013) Alginate-based biomaterials for regenerative medicine applications. Materials 6(4):1285–1309
Suri S, Han L-H, Zhang W, Singh A, Chen S, Schmidt CE (2011) Solid freeform fabrication of designer scaffolds of hyaluronic acid for nerve tissue engineering. Biomed Microdevice 13(6):983–993
Takai K, Le A, Weaver VM, Werb Z (2016) Targeting the cancer-associated fibroblasts as a treatment in triple-negative breast cancer. Oncotarget 7(50):82889
Tan Z, Parisi C, Di Silvio L, Dini D, Forte AE (2017) Cryogenic 3D printing of super soft hydrogels. Sci Rep 7(1):1–11
Tarassoli SP, Jessop ZM, Al-Sabah A, Gao N, Whitaker S, Doak S, Whitaker IS (2018) Skin tissue engineering using 3D bioprinting: an evolving research field. J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg 71(5):615–623
Thomas M, Willerth SM (2017) 3-D bioprinting of neural tissue for applications in cell therapy and drug screening. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 5:69
Tian WM, Hou SP, Ma J, Zhang CL, Xu QY, Lee IS, Cui FZ (2005) Hyaluronic acid–poly-D-lysine-based three-dimensional hydrogel for traumatic brain injury. Tissue Eng 11(3–4):513–525
Truong D, Fiorelli R, Barrientos ES, Melendez EL, Sanai N, Mehta S, Nikkhah M (2019) A three-dimensional (3D) organotypic microfluidic model for glioma stem cells–Vascular interactions. Biomaterials 198:63–77
Ullah F, Othman MBH, Javed F, Ahmad Z, Akil HM (2015) Classification, processing and application of hydrogels: a review. Mater Sci Eng, C 57:414–433
Venning FA, Wullkopf L, Erler JT (2015) Targeting ECM disrupts cancer progression. Front Oncol 5:224
Ventola CL (2014) Medical applications for 3D printing: current and projected uses. Pharm Ther 39(10):704
Vijayavenkataraman S, Zhang S, Thaharah S, Sriram G, Lu W, Fuh J (2018) Electrohydrodynamic jet 3D printed nerve guide conduits (NGCs) for peripheral nerve injury repair. Polymers 10(7):753
Vrana E, Builles N, Hindie M, Damour O, Aydinli A, Hasirci V (2008) Contact guidance enhances the quality of a tissue engineered corneal stroma. J Biomed Mater Res Part A 84(2):454–463
Vrana NE, O’Grady A, Kay E, Cahill PA, McGuinness GB (2009) Cell encapsulation within PVA-based hydrogels via freeze-thawing: a one-step scaffold formation and cell storage technique. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 3(7):567–572
Wang Y, Shi W, Kuss M, Mirza S, Qi D, Krasnoslobodtsev A, Zeng J, Band H, Band V, Duan B (2018a) 3D bioprinting of breast cancer models for drug resistance study. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 4(12):4401–4411
Wang R, Ozsvar J, Aghaei-Ghareh-Bolagh B, Hiob MA, Mithieux SM, Weiss AS (2019) Freestanding hierarchical vascular structures engineered from ice. Biomaterials 192:334–345
Wang Y, Shi W, Kuss M, Mirza S, Qi D, Krasnoslobodtsev A, Duan B (2018b) 3D bioprinting of breast cancer models for drug resistance study. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 4(12):4401–4411
Williams DF (2019) Challenges with the development of biomaterials for sustainable tissue engineering. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 7:127. https://doi.org/10.3389/fbioe
Williams JM, Adewunmi A, Schek RM, Flanagan CL, Krebsbach PH, Feinberg SE, Das S (2005) Bone tissue engineering using polycaprolactone scaffolds fabricated via selective laser sintering. Biomaterials 26(23):4817–4827
Wilson RA, Evans TRJ, Fraser AR, Nibbs RJ (2018) Immune checkpoint inhibitors: new strategies to checkmate cancer. Clin Exp Immunol 191(2):133–148
Wiria FE, Leong KF, Chua CK, Liu Y (2007) Poly-ε-caprolactone/hydroxyapatite for tissue engineering scaffold fabrication via selective laser sintering. Actabiomaterialia 3(1):1–12
Włodarczyk-Biegun MK, del Campo A (2017) 3D bioprinting of structural proteins. Biomaterials 134:180–201
Wu W, Geng P, Li G, Zhao D, Zhang H, Zhao J (2015) Influence of layer thickness and raster angle on the mechanical properties of 3D-printed PEEK and a comparative mechanical study between PEEK and ABS. Materials 8(9):5834–5846
Wu Z, Su X, Xu Y, Kong B, Sun W, Mi S (2016) Bioprinting three-dimensional cell-laden tissue constructs with controllable degradation. Sci Rep 6(1):1–10
Xu M, Wang X, Yan Y, Yao R, Ge Y (2010) An cell-assembly derived physiological 3D model of the metabolic syndrome, based on adipose-derived stromal cells and a gelatin/alginate/fibrinogen matrix. Biomaterials 31(14):3868–3877
Yan WC, Davoodi P, Vijayavenkataraman S, Tian Y, Ng WC, Fuh JY, Wang CH (2018) 3D bioprinting of skin tissue: from pre-processing to final product evaluation. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 132:270–295
Zawada B, Ukpai G, Powell-Palm MJ, Rubinsky B (2018) Multi-layer cryolithography for additive manufacturing. Prog Addit Manuf 3(4):245–255
Zhang W, Chen J, Backman LJ, Malm AD, Danielson P (2017) Surface topography and mechanical strain promote keratocyte phenotype and extracellular matrix formation in a biomimetic 3D corneal model. Adv Healthcare Mater 6(5):1601238
Zhao F, Xie W, Zhang W, Fu X, Gao W, Lei B, Chen X (2018) 3D printing nanoscale bioactive glass scaffolds enhance osteoblast migration and extramembranous osteogenesis through stimulating immunomodulation. Adv Healthc Mater 7(16):1800361
Acknowledgements
This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under grant agreement No 760921 (PANBioRA). KunalMitra will acknowledge the support of NASA Florida Space Grant for this research. He would also acknowledge the help of students LikithaSomasekhar and Amy Vecheck with the graphs. Albert A. Rizvanovwas funded by the subsidy allocated to Kazan Federal University for the state assignment in the sphere of scientific activities. Kazan Federal University was partially supported by the Russian Government Program of Competitive Growth. Arindam Bit is supported by Department of Science and Technology India (INT/RUS/RFBR/P-332) grant and Science and Engineering Research Board India (ECR/2017/001115) Grant.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding authors
Ethics declarations
Conflict of interest
All authors declare that there is no conflict of interest to declare in this review work.
Data Availability
Data availability can be accessed through the external portal.
Additional information
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Vrana, N., Gupta, S., Mitra, K. et al. From 3D printing to 3D bioprinting: the material properties of polymeric material and its derived bioink for achieving tissue specific architectures. Cell Tissue Bank 23, 417–440 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10561-021-09975-z
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10561-021-09975-z