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Role of Fungi in Imparting General Disease Suppressiveness in Soil from Organic Field

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Abstract

Soil microbial communities are key players responsible for imparting suppressive potential to the soil against soil-borne phytopathogens. Fungi have an immense potential to inhibit soil-borne phytopathogens, but the fungal counterpart has been less explored in this context. We assessed the composition of fungal communities in soil under long-term organic and conventional farming practice, and control soil. The disease-suppressive potential of organic field was already established. A comparative analysis of the disease suppressiveness contributed by the fungal component of soil from conventional and organic farms was assessed using dual culture assays. The quantification of biocontrol markers and total fungi was done; the characterization of fungal community was carried out using ITS-based amplicon sequencing. Soil from organic field exhibited higher disease-suppressive potential than that from conventional farming, against the pathogens selected for the study. Higher levels of hydrolytic enzymes such as chitinase and cellulase, and siderophore production were observed in soil from the organic field compared to the conventional field. Differences in community composition were observed under conventional and organic farming, with soil from organic field exhibiting specific enrichment of key biocontrol fungal genera. The fungal alpha diversity was lower in soil from the organic field compared to the conventional field. Our results highlight the role of fungi in contributing to general disease-suppressive ability of the soil against phytopathogens. The identification of fungal taxa specifically associated with organic farming can aid in understanding the mechanism of disease suppression under such a practice, and can be exploited to induce general disease suppressiveness in otherwise conducive soil.

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Data and Materials Availability

Data on the ITS sequences analyzed in this study is available in the NCBI SRA database under BioProject ID: PRJNA901449.

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Funding

To support this study, funding was received from the M-FIRP scheme of IIT Delhi and ICAR (MI02024) and IIT Delhi and TU Delft (MI02535). SK received a fellowship from University Grants Commission, India, to support her Ph.D. PC acknowledges the fellowship received from University of Queensland–Indian Institute of Technology Delhi Academy of Research (UQIDAR).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biochemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, 110016, India

    Shivani Khatri & Shilpi Sharma

  2. UQ-IITD Academy of Research, IIT Delhi, New Delhi, 110016, India

    Priya Chaudhary & Shilpi Sharma

  3. Division of Agronomy, ICAR–Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India

    Yashbir S. Shivay

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  1. Shivani Khatri
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  2. Priya Chaudhary
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  3. Yashbir S. Shivay
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  4. Shilpi Sharma
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Contributions

SK: methodology, investigation, formal analysis, writing—original draft preparation, PC: investigation, writing—review and editing, YS: investigation, project administration, funding acquisition, writing—review and editing, SS: conceptualization, project administration, funding acquisition, supervision, writing—review and editing.

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Correspondence to Shilpi Sharma.

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Khatri, S., Chaudhary, P., Shivay, Y.S. et al. Role of Fungi in Imparting General Disease Suppressiveness in Soil from Organic Field. Microb Ecol 86, 2047–2059 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00248-023-02211-z

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