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Persistent organic fertilization reinforces soil-borne disease suppressiveness of rhizosphere bacterial community

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Abstract

Background and aims

Soil-borne diseases are an increasingly serious threat to agriculture systems. Organic fertilization would improve soil quality and microbial community as well, and thus is appreciated a promising control strategy for soil-borne diseases. Yet, how soil microbial communities mediate disease control under organic fertilization remains largely unknown. Here, we aimed to explore the microbial mechanism of controlling soil-borne diseases by organic fertilization.

Methods

We investigated the effects of various fertilization regimes on the soil suppressiveness toward pathogenic fungi in the peanut rhizosphere. The fertilization regimes tested were organic fertilizer, chemical fertilizers, and a combination of both.

Results

Uninterrupted application of organic fertilizer in peanut field plots for seven planting seasons resulted in a control of peanut root rot, with a significantly higher peanut yield. Upon organic fertilization, bacterial microbiome assembly in the rhizosphere played a key role in developing soil suppressiveness against peanut root rot; upon chemical fertilization, the potential fungal pathogens dominated the fungal microbiome assembly in the rhizosphere to boost root rot. Further, structural equation model revealed that the rhizosphere bacterial community contributed to the control of root rot. Furthermore, upon organic fertilization, the rhizosphere bacterial community strongly suppressed mycelial growth and spore germination of Fusarium sp. ACCC 36194.

Conclusions

Collectively, in a monocropping system, persistent organic fertilization favors the development of a protective microbial shield in the plant rhizosphere, maintaining the rhizosphere health.

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Acknowledgments

We are very grateful to Dr. Zhengfu Yue, Xu Liu and Lijun Chen (Institute of Soil Science, CAS) for suggestions on high-throughput sequencing and assistance in data analysis, and our colleagues from the research group (other than the authors) for help in conducting the field experiments. This research was supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2017YFD0200604), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (41671306) and the Excellent Youth Foundation of Jiangsu Province (BK20190040).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 71 East Beijing Road, Nanjing, 210008, China

    Dele Chen, Xingxiang Wang, Zhigao Zhou, Changfeng Ding & Xiaogang Li

  2. Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China

    Yangwenke Liao & Xiaogang Li

  3. Ecological Experimental Station of Red Soil, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yingtan, 335211, China

    Xingxiang Wang

  4. Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Microbes and Functional Genomics, Jiangsu Engineering and Technology Research Center for Industrialization of Microbial Resources, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China

    Wei Zhang

  5. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China

    Dele Chen

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  1. Dele Chen
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  2. Xingxiang Wang
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  3. Wei Zhang
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  7. Xiaogang Li
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Contributions

X.L. and X.W. conceived the project and designed this study; D.C. conducted the experiments; X.L. and D.C. analyzed the data with assistance from W.Z., Z.Z., C.D. and Y.L.; X.L. and D.C. contributed to drafting the initial manuscript, and all co-authors revised, read, and approved the final manuscript. The funder had no role in study design; in the collection, analysis, and interpretation of data; in the writing of the report; and in the decision to submit the article for publication.

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Correspondence to Xiaogang Li.

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Chen, D., Wang, X., Zhang, W. et al. Persistent organic fertilization reinforces soil-borne disease suppressiveness of rhizosphere bacterial community. Plant Soil 452, 313–328 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-020-04576-3

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