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Agro is not cool: DNA damage and oxidative stress in anurans evidencing the devastation of subtropical grasslands

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A Correction to this article was published on 17 November 2023

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Abstract

Changes in land use are considered the main factor in the degradation of ecosystems, especially in continental aquatic environments. In this study, we evaluated the genotoxicity potential of the environmental matrix using tadpoles from three anuran species as a model, to test whether more genetic damage and changes in oxidative stress biomarkers occur in ponds on farms than in native grasslands. Tadpoles were sampled from ponds in the subtropical highland grassland region of southern Brazil. We quantified DNA damage in tadpoles of Scinax squalirostris, Ololygon aromothyella and Odontophrynus asper using the comet assay and oxidative stress changes using glutathione as a biomarker. Our results demonstrated that the tadpoles of the three anuran species collected in agricultural ponds accumulated greater DNA damage and alterations in biomarkers of oxidative stress when compared with those collected in ponds in the native grassland, corroborating our initial hypothesis. The DNA damage detected in tadpoles from farm ponds suggests that these populations are suffering impacts from environmental contamination, mainly from heavy metals and fertilizers, as indicated by our complementary data. Our results highlight the importance of grassland remnants for the conservation of amphibians in the subtropical region, which are under severe threat due to the replacement of natural areas by agriculture. Moreover, we emphasize the importance of monitoring and quantifying agrochemicals in habitats and organisms to ensure the viability of populations and support adequate management and conservation strategies for the species of pond-breeding anurans in the region of subtropical grasslands in southern Brazil.

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Acknowledgements

We thank the Chico Mendes Institute for Biodiversity Conservation (ICMBio/SISBIO) for the collection licenses (No. 71108-3) and CEUA/Unochapecó (No. 001/2020). FLF received support from the National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq No. 314565/2020-5) and Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel (CAPES, Finance Code 001). EML received support from the National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq/ICMBio/FAPs No.18/2017, under grant term No. 421298/2017-0). JDM and FZ received support from FAPESC (grant number 04/2019 TO No 2020TR735). We thank Joel Granemann de Mello (in memoriam) for assistance with accommodations in the field activities. Dr. A. Leyva (USA) provided English editing of the manuscript.

Funding

This work was supported by Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico/Instituto Chico Mendes de Biodiversidade/FAPs (grant number 18/2017 and grant term number 421298/2017–0), Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa e Inovação do Estado de Santa Catarina (grant number 04/2019 TO No. 2020TR735), Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (grant number 314565/2020–5) and Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (Finance Code 001).

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  1. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade Animal, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Avenida Roraima, 1000, Prédio 17, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, 97105-900, Brazil

    Veluma Ialú Molinari De Bastiani & Tiago Gomes dos Santos

  2. Universidade Federal do Pampa, Rua Aluízio Barros Macedo s/n, BR 290 (Km 423), São Gabriel, Rio Grande do Sul, 97300-970, Brazil

    Marcia Regina Spies, Jeferson Luis Franco & Tiago Gomes dos Santos

  3. Universidade Comunitária da Região de Chapecó, Servidão Anjo da Guarda, 295-D, Chapecó, Santa Catarina, 89809-900, Brazil

    Felipe Zaniol & Jacir Dal Magro

  4. Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Campus de Palmeira das Missões. Av. Independência, 3751, Palmeira das Missões, Rio Grande do Sul, 98300-000, Brazil

    Elaine Maria Lucas

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Contributions

VIMB: Substantial contribution in the concept and design of the study; contribution to data collection; contribution to data analysis and interpretation; contribution to manuscript preparation; contribution to critical revision, adding intellectual content. MRS: Substantial contribution in the concept and design of the study; contribution to data collection; contribution to data analysis and interpretation; contribution to manuscript preparation; contribution to critical revision, adding intellectual content. JLF: Substantial contribution in the concept and design of the study; contribution to data collection contribution to data analysis and interpretation; contribution to manuscript preparation; contribution to critical revision, adding intellectual content. FZ: Substantial contribution in the concept and design of the study; contribution to data collection; contribution to data analysis and interpretation; contribution to manuscript preparation; contribution to critical revision, adding intellectual content. JDM: Substantial contribution in the concept and design of the study; contribution to data collection; contribution to data analysis and interpretation; contribution to manuscript preparation; contribution to critical revision, adding intellectual content. EML: Substantial contribution in the concept and design of the study; contribution to data collection; contribution to data analysis and interpretation; contribution to manuscript preparation; contribution to critical revision, adding intellectual content. TGS: Substantial contribution in the concept and design of the study; contribution to data collection; contribution to data analysis and interpretation; contribution to manuscript preparation; contribution to critical revision, adding intellectual content. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

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Correspondence to Veluma Ialú Molinari De Bastiani.

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De Bastiani, V.I.M., Spies, M.R., Franco, J.L. et al. Agro is not cool: DNA damage and oxidative stress in anurans evidencing the devastation of subtropical grasslands. Aquat Sci 86, 2 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00027-023-01016-z

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