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Impacts of horticultural environments on Rhinella arenarum (Anura, Bufonidae) populations: exploring genocytotoxic damage and demographic life history traits

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Abstract

Horticulture poses a significant ecological risk, as agrochemicals are applied more frequently and in larger quantities per unit of production compared to extensive crop fields. The native amphibian Rhinella arenarum serves as a reliable bioindicator of environmental health. This study aimed to assess genocytotoxic damage and demographic life history traits of R. arenarum inhabiting horticultural environments. Sampling was conducted in suburban sites in central Argentina: H1 and H2 (sites associated with horticultural activity) and a reference site, RS. Environmental parameters were recorded, and the frequency of micronuclei (Mn), nuclear abnormalities (ENA), and indicators of cytotoxic damage were determined in tadpoles and adults. Demographic variables (age at maturity, longevity, potential reproductive lifespan, size at maturity, modal lifespan) were calculated. The highest nitrate and phosphate values, along with low dissolved oxygen values, were recorded at sites H1 and H2. Organisms inhabiting horticultural environments exhibited higher frequencies of Mn and ENA, surpassing those recorded in previous studies on tadpoles from sites with extensive crop production. Size at maturity and age at maturity of females, as well as size at maturity, longevity, mean age, and mean adult SVL of males, were lower in horticultural sites. The results support the hypothesis that anuran populations inhabiting horticultural environments demonstrate a diminished health status attributed to subpar environmental quality. Monitoring endpoints at different biological levels provides information on the ecotoxicological risk for amphibians and human populations inhabiting nearby areas.

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Funding

This research was supported by SCyT-UNRC (PPI 18/C475) and National Agency for Scientific and Technological Promotion FONCYT (PICT 1030–2018; PICT 2530–2019).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina

    María Selene Babini, Clarisa de Lourdes Bionda & Paola Mariela Peltzer

  2. Departamento de Ciencias Naturales, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico-Químicas y Naturales (FCEFQyN), Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto (UNRC), Río Cuarto, Argentina

    María Selene Babini, Clarisa de Lourdes Bionda & Adolfo Ludovico Martino

  3. Laboratorio de Ecotoxicología, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas (FBCB), Universidad Nacional del Litoral (UNL), Santa Fe, Argentina

    Paola Mariela Peltzer

Authors
  1. María Selene Babini
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  2. Clarisa de Lourdes Bionda
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  3. Adolfo Ludovico Martino
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  4. Paola Mariela Peltzer
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Contributions

All authors (María Selene Babini, Clarisa de Lourdes Bionda, Adolfo Ludovico Martino, Paola Mariela Peltzer) contributed to the study conception and design. Material preparation, data collection, and analysis were performed by Selene Babini and Clarisa Bionda. The first draft of the manuscript was written by Selene Babini, and all authors commented on previous versions of the manuscript.

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Correspondence to María Selene Babini.

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The care, treatment, and sampling of animals used in this study followed the Animal Care Regulations of the University National of Río Cuarto and state law “Protection and Conservation of Wild Fauna” (Argentina National Law N° 22.421). This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the National University of Río Cuarto (Registration Number 241–21).

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Babini, M.S., Bionda, C.d.L., Martino, A.L. et al. Impacts of horticultural environments on Rhinella arenarum (Anura, Bufonidae) populations: exploring genocytotoxic damage and demographic life history traits. Environ Sci Pollut Res 31, 21235–21248 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-024-32471-2

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