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Bioconversion of Agro-industrial Residues to Second-Generation Bioethanol

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Biorefinery of Alternative Resources: Targeting Green Fuels and Platform Chemicals

Abstract

Bioenergy is the term used for energy produced from lignocellulosic biomass. Most of the residues produced from agricultural and industrial activities present high levels of lignocellulose. They are mostly formed by rigid structures mainly containing hemicellulose and cellulose intermixed by lignin. These macromolecules are linked by covalent and hydrogen bonds, thus forming a complex architecture, which give a great resistance to their hydrolysis. This hampers the subsequent production of fermentable sugars and their fermentation to produce second-generation bioethanol. The technologies to obtain second-generation bioethanol, independent of the plant source, involve the hydrolysis of polysaccharides from the biomass in order to generate sugars that can be fermented by yeasts. This chapter addresses the importance of biomass for the production of green fuels. In this chapter, the potential of different lignocellulosic biomasses, especially the agricultural crop residues, is described. The composition of the main molecules forming the cell wall of different plants is provided. The enzymes that are involved in the deconstruction of plant cell walls as well as the release of fermentable sugars are discussed. The pretreatment and fermentation of biomass for the second-generation ethanol production by yeasts are described. Some challenges concerning the technologies are considered, but, on the other hand, some alternatives are also pointed out.

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Acknowledgments

The Laboratory of Microbiology and Cell Biology of Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil, has been supported by Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP 2014/50884-5 and 2018/07522-6). Maria de Lourdes Teixeira de Moraes Polizeli is a research fellow of Conselho de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq, 301963/2017-7). Thiago Machado Pasin, Paula Zaghetto de Almeida, Ana Sílvia de Almeida Scarcella, and Juliana da Conceição Infante are recipients of the Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES, Finance Code 001) scholarship. We thank Mariana Cereia for the language review of the chapter.

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  1. Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil

    Thiago Machado Pasin, Paula Zaghetto de Almeida, Ana Sílvia de Almeida Scarcella, Juliana da Conceição Infante & Maria de Lourdes de Teixeira de Moraes Polizeli

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  3. Ana Sílvia de Almeida Scarcella
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  4. Juliana da Conceição Infante
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  5. Maria de Lourdes de Teixeira de Moraes Polizeli
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Maria de Lourdes de Teixeira de Moraes Polizeli .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada

    Sonil Nanda

  2. Center of Excellence for Green Energy and Environmental Nanomaterials, Nguyễn Tất Thành University, Hồ Chí Minh City, Vietnam

    Dai-Viet N. Vo

  3. Directorate of Research, Central Agricultural University, Imphal, Manipur, India

    Prakash Kumar Sarangi

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Pasin, T.M., de Almeida, P.Z., de Almeida Scarcella, A.S., da Conceição Infante, J., de Teixeira de Moraes Polizeli, M.d.L. (2020). Bioconversion of Agro-industrial Residues to Second-Generation Bioethanol. In: Nanda, S., N. Vo, DV., Sarangi, P. (eds) Biorefinery of Alternative Resources: Targeting Green Fuels and Platform Chemicals. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-1804-1_2

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