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Potassium-Solubilizing Microbes: Diversity, Distribution, and Role in Plant Growth Promotion

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Microorganisms for Green Revolution

Part of the book series: Microorganisms for Sustainability ((MICRO,volume 6))

Abstract

Injudicious application of chemical fertilizers in India has a considerable negative impact on economy and environmental sustainability. There is a growing need to turn back to nature or sustainable agents that promote evergreen agriculture. Potassium (K) is an important and well-known constraint to crop production. Very low rates of potash fertilizer application in agricultural production lead to rapid depletion of K in the soil. Depletion of plant-available K in soils results in a variety of negative impacts of the crops yield and soil health. Microorganisms play important role in determining plant productivity. For successful functioning of introduced microbial bioinoculants, exhaustive efforts have been made to explore soil microbial diversity of indigenous community, their distribution, and behavior in soil habitats. Soil microorganisms are directly responsible for recycling of nutrients. K is the third major essential macronutrient for plant growth. The concentrations of soluble potassium in the soil are usually very low, and more than 90% of potassium in the soil exists in the form of insoluble rocks. Use of plant growth-promoting microorganisms (PGPMs) helps in increasing yields in addition to conventional plant protection. The most important PGPMs are Azotobacter, Azospirillum, Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans, Bacillus circulans, B. edaphicus, B. globisporus, B. mucilaginosus, B. subtilis, Burkholderia cepacia, Enterobacter hormaechei, Paenibacillus kribensis, P. mucilaginosus, and Pseudomonas putida potassium solubilizes; these are eco-friendly and environmentally safe. Therefore, the efficient K-solubilizing microbes (KSM) should be applied for solubilization of a fixed form of K to an available form of K in the soils. This available K can be easily taken up by the plant for growth and development. In this chapter has been discussed isolation, characterization, diversity, and distribution of KSM from diverse stresses such as low and high temperatures, acidity, alkalinity, salinity, drought, and plant-associated applications. These studies elaborate on indigenous K-solubilizing microbes to develop efficient microbial bioinoculant for solubilization of K in different conditions of soil which enhances the plant growth and yield of crops.

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Acknowledgment

The authors are thankful to the Division of Microbiology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, and the Department of Biotechnology (DBT), Ministry of Science and Technology, for providing the facilities and financial support, to undertake the investigations.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Microbiology, Akal College of Basic Science, Eternal University, Sirmour, 173101, India

    Priyanka Verma

  2. Department of Biotechnology, Akal College of Agriculture, Eternal University, Sirmour, 173101, India

    Ajar Nath Yadav

  3. Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Technology, Durgapur, 713209, India

    Kazy Sufia Khannam

  4. Division of Microbiology, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India

    Anil Kumar Saxena & Archna Suman

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  1. Priyanka Verma
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  2. Ajar Nath Yadav
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  3. Kazy Sufia Khannam
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  4. Anil Kumar Saxena
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  5. Archna Suman
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Priyanka Verma .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Agricultural Microbiology, B. A. College of Agriculture, Anand Agricultural University, Anand, Gujarat, India

    Deepak G. Panpatte

  2. Department of Agricultural Microbiology, B. A. College of Agriculture, Anand Agricultural University, Anand, Gujarat, India

    Yogeshvari K. Jhala

  3. Department of Agricultural Microbiology, B. A. College of Agriculture, Anand Agricultural University, Anand, Gujarat, India

    Rajababu V. Vyas

  4. Department of Agricultural Microbiology, B. A. College of Agriculture, Anand Agricultural University, Anand, Gujarat, India

    Harsha N. Shelat

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Verma, P., Yadav, A.N., Khannam, K.S., Saxena, A.K., Suman, A. (2017). Potassium-Solubilizing Microbes: Diversity, Distribution, and Role in Plant Growth Promotion. In: Panpatte, D., Jhala, Y., Vyas, R., Shelat, H. (eds) Microorganisms for Green Revolution. Microorganisms for Sustainability, vol 6. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-6241-4_7

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