Abstract
Sulfur (S) is one of the most important elements, of which the organosulfur compounds and/or metal sulfides are considered essential for life. Microbial sulfur oxidation and reduction are the most active and ancient metabolic processes in S cycle that operate in diverse ecosystems. This process is carried out by sulfur-oxidizing (SOB) and sulfur-reducing bacteria (SRB) in all ecosystems and considered as key phenomenon in sulfur biogeochemical cycling. Usually, on the basis of nutrition, SOB and SRB are categorized as lithoautotrophs. SOB oxidize the reduced sulfur compounds such as hydrogen sulfide (H2S), elemental sulfur (S0), sulfite (SO3 −2), thiosulfate (S2O3 2−), and various polythionates (SnO6 2− or -SnO6-) into sulfate (SO4 −2). On the contrary, SO4 −2 can serve as an electron acceptor of SRB under anaerobic condition, and they reduce the SO4 −2 and other oxidized sulfur compounds (S2O3 2−, SO3 −2, S0) into H2S. In natural system, SRB reduce the SO4 −2 in two different reduction processes, viz, dissimilatory and assimilatory reactions. In dissimilatory reaction, SRB utilize three kinds of enzymes (ATP sulfurylase, APS reductase, and sulfite reductase) to reduce the S substrate, whereas the sulfate is assimilated or incorporated into organic compounds under assimilatory process through S substrate reduction. In recent years, molecular methods have emerged as essential tools for a better understanding of the microbial role in S transformation under various habitats. Keeping the importance of microbial-mediated S oxidation and reduction in biogeochemical cycle of S, the present chapter describes the role of key functional microbial genes in S transformation such as genes involved in S oxidation (sox, aps, asf, and sor) and reduction (dsr) and also discusses in detail about the abundance, diversity, and impact of these in diverse ecosystems.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Agrawal A, Lal B (2009) Rapid detection and quantification of bisulfite reductase genes in oil field samples using real-time PCR. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 69:301–312
Alewell C, Manderscheid B, Meesenburg H, Bittersohl J (2000) Is acidification still an ecological threat. Nature 407:856–858
Anandham JJ (1991) Sulfur-oxidizing bacteria as plant growth promoting rhizobacteria for canola. Can J Microbiol 7:521–529
Anandham R, Gandhi PI, Kwon SW, Sa TM, Kim YK, Jee HJ (2009) Mixotrophic metabolism in Burkholderia kururiensis subsp. thiooxydans subsp. nov., a facultative chemolithoautotrophic thiosulfate oxidizing bacterium isolated from rhizosphere soil and proposal for classification of the type strain of Burkholderia kururiensis as Burkholderia kururiensis subsp. kururiensis subsp. nov. Arch Microbiol 191:885–894
Appia-Ayme C, Little PJ, Matsumoto Y, Leech AP, Berks BC (2001) Cytochrome complex essential for photosynthetic oxidation of both thiosulfate and sulfide in Rhodovulum sulfidophilum. J Bacteriol 183:6107–6118
Badhai J, Ghosh TS, Das SK (2014) Taxonomic and functional characteristics of microbial communities and their correlation with physicochemical properties of four geothermal springs in Odisha, India. Front Microbiol 6:1166
Bamford VA, Bruno S, Rasmussen T, Appia-Ayme C, Cheesman MR, Berks BC, Hemmings AM (2002) Structural basis for the oxidation of thiosulfate by a sulfur cycle enzyme. EMBO J 21:5599–5610
Bardischewsky F, Quentmeier A, Rother D, Hellwig P, Kostka S, Friedrich CG (2005) Sulfur dehydrogenase of Paracoccus pantotrophus: the heme-2 domain of the molybdoprotein cytochrome c complex is dispensable for catalytic activity. Biochemistry 44:7024–7034
Bettany JR, Stewart JWB, Halstead EH (1973) Sulfur fractions and carbon, nitrogen and sulfur relationships in grassland, forest and associated transitional soils. Soil Sci Soc Am Proc 37:915–918
Blodau C, Mayer B, Peiffer S, Moore TR (2007) Support for an anaerobic sulfur cycle in two Canadian peatland soils. J Geophys Res 112:G02004
Brock TD (1978) Thermophilic micro-organisms and life at high temperatures. Springer, New York, pp 1–465
Brune DC (1989) Sulfur oxidation by phototrophic bacteria. Biochim Biophys Acta 975:189–221
Brune DC, Blankenship RE, Madigan MT, Bauer CE (1995) Sulfur compounds as photosynthetic electron donors Anoxygenic photosynthetic bacteria. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, pp 847–870
Brunner B, JY Y, Mielke RE, MacAskill JA, Madzunkov S, McGenity TJ, Coleman M (2008) Different isotope and chemical patterns of pyrite oxidation related to lag and exponential growth phases of Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans reveal a microbial growth strategy. Earth Planet Sci Lett 270:63–72
Burke ME, Gorham E, Pratt DC (1974) Distribution of purple photosynthetic bacteria in wetland and woodland habitats of central and northern Minnesota. J Bacteriol 117:826–833
Chapman SJ (1990) Thiobacillus populations in some agricultural soils. Soil Biol Biochem 22:479–482
Dahl C, Friedrich RW (2008) Inorganic sulfur compounds as electron donors in purple sulfur bacteria, vol 168. Institut für Mikrobiologie Biotechnologie, Bonn, p D-53115
Dahl C, Trüper HG (1994) Enzymes of dissimilatory sulfide oxidation in phototrophic bacteria. Methods Enzymol 243:400–421
Dahl C, Engels S, Pott-Sperling AS, Schulte A, Sander J, Lübbe Y, Deuster O, Brune DC (2005) Novel genes of the dsr gene cluster and evidence for close interaction of Dsr proteins during sulfur oxidation in the phototrophic sulfur bacterium Allochromatium vinosum. J Bacteriol 187:1392–1404
Dent DL (1986) Acid sulphate soils: a baseline for research and development. ILRI Publications, Wageningen, p 39
Deppe M, McKnight DM, Blodau C (2010) Effects of short-term drying and irrigation on electron flow in mesocosms of a northern bog and an alpine fen. Environ Sci Technol 44:80–86
de Zwart JMM, Nelisse PN, Kuenen JG (1996) Isolation and characterization of Methylophaga sulfidoVorans, sp. nov.: an obligately methylotrophic, aerobic, dimethyl sulfide oxidizing bacterium from a microbial mat. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 20:261–270
Dhillon A, Teske A, Dillon J, Stahl DA, Sogin ML (2003) Molecular characterization of sulfate-reducing bacteria in the Guaymas Basin. Appl Environ Microbiol 69:2765–2772
Dise NB (2009) Peatland response to global change. Science 326:810–811
Fischer U (1989) Enzymatic steps in dissimilatory sulfur metabolism by whole cells of anoxyphotobacteria. In: Saltzman E, Cooper W (eds) Biogenic Sulfur in the Environment. American Chemical Society, Washington, DC, pp 262–279
Freney JR, Jacq VA, Baldensperger J (1982) Microbiology of tropical soils and plant productivity. Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, The Hague, pp 271–317
Friedrich CG, Mitrenga G (1981) Oxidation of thiosulfate by Paracoccus denitrificans and other hydrogen bacteria. FEMS Microbiol Lett 10:209–212
Friedrich CG, Rother D, Bardischewsky F, Quentmeier A, Fischer J (2001) Oxidation of inorganic sulfur compounds by bacteria: emergence of a common mechanism? Appl Environ Microbiol 67:2873–2882
Friedrich CG, Bardischewsky F, Rother D, Quentmeier A, Fischer J (2005) Prokaryotic sulfur oxidation. Curr Opin Microbiol 8:253–259
Frigaard NU, Bryant DA (2008) Genomic insights into the sulfur metabolism of phototrophic green sulfur bacteria. Springer, Dordrecht, pp 337–355
Gauci V et al (2004) Sulfur pollution suppression of the wetland methane source in the 20th and 21st centuries. Proc Natl Acad Sci 101:12583–12587
Gentile R, Vanlauwe B, Chivenge P, Six J (2011) Trade-offs between the short-and long-term effects of residue quality on soil C and N dynamics. Plant Soil 338:159–169
Germida JJ, Wainwright M, Gupta VV (1992) Biochemistry of sulfur cycling in soil. Soil Biochem 7:1–53
Ghosh W, Dam B (2009) Biochemistry and molecular biology of lithotrophic sulfur oxidation by taxonomically and ecologically diverse bacteria and archaea. FEMS Microbiol Rev 33:999–1043
Grayston SJ, Wainwright M (1988) Sulphur oxidation by soil fungi including some species of mycorrhizae and wood-rotting basidiomycetes. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 4:1–8
Grabarczyk DB, Chappell PE, Johnson S, Stelzl LS, Lea SM, Berks BC (2015) Structural basis for specificity and promiscuity in a carrier protein/enzyme system from the sulfur cycle. Proc Natl Acad Sci 112:7166–7175
Grayston SJ, Nevell W, Wainwright M (1986) Sulphur oxidation by fungi. Trans Br Mycol Soc 87:193–198
Harrison AP (1978) Microbial succession and mineral leaching in an artificial coal spoil. Appl Environ Microbiol 36:861–869
He JZ, Liu XZ, Zheng Y, Shen JP, Zhang LM (2010) Dynamics of sulfate reduction and sulfate-reducing prokaryotes in anaerobic paddy soil amended with rice straw. Biol Fertil Soils 46:283–291
Hensen D, Sperling D, Trüper HG, Brune DC, Dahl C (2006) Thiosulfate oxidation in the phototrophic sulfur bacterium Allochromatium vinosum. Mol Microbiol 62:794–810
Hipp WM, Pott AS, Thum-Schmitz N, Faath I, Dahl C, Trüper HG (1997) Towards the phylogeny of APS reductases and sirohaem sulphite reductases in sulfate- reducing and sulfur-oxidizing prokaryotes. Microbiology 143:2891–2902
Imhoff JF (2003) Phylogenetic taxonomy of the family Chlorobiaceae on the basis of 16S rRNA and fmo (Fenna-Matthews–Olson protein) gene sequences. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 53:941–951
Imhoff JF, Hiraishi A (2005) Aerobic bacteria containing bacteriochlorophyll and belonging to the Alphaproteobacteria. In: Brenner DJ, Krieg NR, Staley JT, Garrity GM (eds) Bergey’s manual of systematic bacteriology, vol 2. Springer, New York, p 135
Janosch C, Remonsellez F, Sand W, Vera M (2015) Sulfur Oxygenase Reductase (Sor) in the moderately Thermoacidophilic leaching bacteria: studies in Sulfobacillus thermosulfidooxidans and Acidithiobacillus caldus. In: Amils R, Toril EG (eds) Microorganisms 3:707–724
Jensen LS, Salo T, Palmason F, Breland TA, Henriksen TM, Stenberg B, Pedersen A, Lundström C, Esala M (2005) Influence of biochemical quality on C and N mineralisation from a broad variety of plant materials in soil. Plant Soil 273:307–326
Jørgensen BB (1982) Mineralization of organic matter in the sea bed – the role of sulphate reduction. Nature 296:643–645
Jørgensen BB, Nelson DC (2004) Sulfide oxidation in marine sediments: geochemistry meets microbiology. Geol Soc Am Spec Pap 379:63–81
Joshi MM, Hollis JP (1976) Rapid enrichment of Beggiatoa from soil. J Appl Bacteriol 40:223–224
Jyoti V, Narayan KD, Das SK (2010) Gulbenkiania indica sp. nov, isolated from a sulfur spring. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 60:1052–1055
Kappler U, Dahl C (2001) Enzymology and molecular biology of prokaryotic sulfite oxidation. FEMS Microbiol Lett 203:1–9
Kelly DP, Shergill JK, WP L, Wood AP (1997) Oxidative metabolism of inorganic sulfur compounds by bacteria. Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek 71:95–107
Kertesz MA, Mirleau P (2004) The role of soil microbes in plant sulfur nutrition. J Exp Bot 55:1939–1945
Khanna S, Nicholas DJD (1982) Utilization of tetrathionate and 35S-labelled thiosulphate by washed cells of Chlorobium vibrioforme of sp Thiosulfatophilum. J Gen Microbiol 128:1027–1034
Kjeldsen KU et al (2007) Diversity of sulfate-reducing bacteria from an extreme hypersaline sediment, Great Salt Lake (Utah). FEMS Microbiol Ecol 60:287–298
Kleinmann RL, Crerar DA (1979) Thiobacillus ferrooxidans and the formation of acidity in simulated coal mine environments. Geomicrobiol J 1:373–388
Klemm O, Lange H (1999) Trends of air pollution in the Fichtelgebirge Mountains, Bavaria. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 6:193–199
Klotz MG, Bryant DA, Hanson TE (2011) The microbial sulfur cycle. Front Microbiol 2:1–2
Knights JS, Zhao FJ, McGrath SP, Magan N (2001) Long-term effects of land use and fertiliser treatments on sulphur transformations in soils from the Broadbalk experiment. Soil Biol Biochem 33:1797–1804
Krishnani KK, Kathiravan V, Natarajan M, Kailasam M, Pillai SM (2010) Diversity of sulfur-oxidizing bacteria in greenwater system of coastal aquaculture. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 162:1225–1237
Kuenen JG, Tuovinen DH (1981) The genera Thiobacillus and Thiomicrospira. In: Starr MP et al (eds) The prokaryotes, a handbook on habitats, isolation and identification of bacteria. Springer, New York, pp 1023–1036
Kumar U, Dangar TK (2014) Thermo-tolerant plant-growth promoting fungi (PGPF) from hot springs of Odisha. CRRI Newslett 35:8–9. http://www.crri.nic.in/CRRI_newsletter/crnl_aprjune_2014_web.pdf
Kumar U, Berliner J, Adak T, Rath PC, Dey A, Pokhare SS, Jambhulkar NN, Panneerselvam P, Kumar A, Mohapatra SD (2017) Non-target effect of continuous application of chlorpyrifos on soil microbes, nematodes and its persistence under sub-humid tropical rice-rice cropping system. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 135:225–235
Langenhoff R (1986) Distribution, mapping, classification and use of acid sulphate soils in the tropics, a literature study. Soil Survey Institute, Wageningen, p 133
Larsen H (1952) On the culture and general physiology of the green sulfur bacteria. J Bacteriol 64:187–196
Larsen Ø, Lien T, Birkeland NK (2001) A novel organization of the dissimilatory sulfite reductase operon of Thermodesulforhabdus norvegica verified by RT-PCR. FEMS Microbiol Lett 203:81–85
Lawrence JR, Gupta VVSR, Germida JJ (1988) Impact of elemental sulfur fertilization on agricultural soils II Effects on sulfur oxidizing populations and oxidation rates. Can J Soil Sci 68:475–483
Lübbe YJ, Youn H-S, Timkovich R, Dahl C (2006) Siro (haem) amide in Allochromatium vinosum and relevance of DsrL and DsrN, a homolog of cobyrinic acid a, c diamide synthase for sulfur oxidation. FEMS Microbiol Lett 261:194–202
Lucheta AR, Lambais MR (2012) Sulfur in agriculture. Revista Brasileira de Ciência do Solo 36:1369–1379
Macalady JL, Lyon EH, Koffman B, Albertson LK, Meyer K, Galdenzi S, Mariani S (2006) Dominant microbial populations in limestone-corroding stream biofilms, Frasassi cave system, Italy. Appl Environ Microbiol 72:5596–5609
Mahala SC, Singh P, Das M, Acharya S (2013) Genesis of thermal springs of Odisha, India. Int J Earth Sci Eng 5:1572–1577
Mander GJ, Pierik AJ, Huber H, Hedderich R (2004) Two distinct heterodisulfide reductase-like enzymes in the sulfate-reducing archaeon Archaeoglobus profundus. Eur J Biochem 271:1106–1116
Mathew EK, Panda RK, Nair M (2001) Influence of subsurface drainage on crop production and soil quality in a low-lying acid sulphate soil. Agric Water Manag 47:191–209
Mattiello EM, da Silva RC, Degryse F, Baird R, Gupta VV, McLaughlin ML (2017) Sulfur and zinc availability from co-granulated Zn-enriched elemental sulfur fertilizers. J Agric Food Chem 65:1108–1115
McLaren RG, Keer JI, Swift RS (1985) Sulfur transformations in soils using S-35 labeling. Soil Biol Biochem 17:73–79
Meyer B, Kuever J (2007) Phylogeny of the alpha and beta subunits of the dissimilatory adenosine-5′-phosphosulfate (APS) reductase from sulfate reducing prokaryotes – origin and evolution of the dissimilatory sulfate-reduction pathway. Microbiology 153:2026–2044
Mouraret M, Baldensperger J (1977) Use of membrane filters for the enumeration of autotrophic Thiobacilli. Microb Ecol 3:345–358
Narayan KD, Sabat SC, Das SK (2016) Mechanism of electron transport during thiosulfate oxidation in an obligately mixotrophic bacterium Thiomonas bhubaneswarensis strain S10 (DSM 18181T). Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 10:1–4
Nelson DC, Fisher CR (1995) Chemoautotrophic and methanotrophic endosymbiotic bacteria at deep-sea vents and seeps, in the microbiology of deep-sea hydrothermal vents. CRC Press, Boca Raton, pp 125–167
Niknahad-Gharmakher H, Piutti S, Machet JM, Benizri E, Recous S (2012) Mineralization-immobilization of sulphur in a soil during decomposition of plant residues of varied chemical composition and S content. Plant Soil 360:391–404
Odintsova EV, Jannasch HW, Mamone JA, Langworthy TA (1996) Thermothrix azorensis sp. nov., an obligately chemolithoautotrophic, sulfur-oxidizing, thermophilic bacterium. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 46:422–428
Paul S, Kusel K, Alewell C (2006) Reduction processes in forest wetlands: tracking down heterogeneity of source/sink functions with a combination of methods. Soil Biol Biochem 38:1028–1039
Pelletier N, Leroy G, Guiral M, Giudici-Orticoni MT, Aubert C (2008) First characterisation of the active oligomer form of sulfur oxygenase reductase from the bacterium Aquifex aeolicus. Extremophiles 12:205–215
Perreault NN, Andersen DT, Pollard WH, Greer CW, Whyte LG (2007) Characterization of the prokaryotic diversity in cold saline perennial springs of the Canadian high Arctic. Appl Environ Microbiol 73:1532–1543
Pester M, Bittner N, Deevong P, Wagner M, Loy A (2010) A ‘rare biosphere’ microorganism contributes to sulfate reduction in a peatland. ISME J 4:1591–1602
Petri R, Podgorsek L, Imhoff JF (2001) Phylogeny and distribution of the soxB gene among thiosulfate oxidizing bacteria. FEMS Microbiol Lett 197:171–178
Plumb JJ, Haddad CM, Gibson JA, Franzmann PD (2007) Acidianus sulfidivorans sp. nov., an extremely acidophilic, thermophilic archaeon isolated from a solfatara on Lihir Island, Papua New Guinea, and emendation of the genus description. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 57:1418–1423
Rawlings DE (2001) The molecular genetics of Thiobacillus ferrooxidans and other mesophilic, acidophilic, chemolithotrophic, iron- or sulfur-oxidizing bacteria. Hydrometallurgy 59:187–201
Reddy DV, Nagbhusanam P, Ramesh G (2013) Turnover time of rural and Rajvadi hot spring waters, Maharastra, India. Curr Sci 104:1419–1424
Reiche M, Hädrich A, Lischeid G, Küsel K (2009) Impact of manipulated drought and heavy rainfall events on peat mineralization processes and source-sink functions of an acidic fen. J Geophys Res 114:G02021
Roberts TL, Bettany JR (1985) The influence of topography on the nature and distribution of soil sulfur across a narrow environmental gradient. Can J Soil Sci 65:419–434
Sahoo K, Dhal NK (2009) Dhal Potential microbial diversity in mangrove ecosystems: a review. Indian J Mar Sci 38:249–256
Schauder R, Kröger A (1993) Bacterial sulphur respiration. Arch Microbiol 159:491–497
Schedel M, Vanselow M, Truper HG (1979) Siroheme sulfite reductase from Chromatium vinosum purification and investigation of some of its molecular and catalytic properties. Arch Microbiol 121:29–36
Schmalenberger A, Hodge S, Hawkesford MJ, Kertesz MA (2009) Sulfonate desulfurization in Rhodococcus from wheat rhizosphere communities. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 67:140–150
Skiba U, Wainwright M (1984) Oxidation of elemental-S in coastal-dune sands and soils. Plant Soil 77:87–95
Skirnisdottir S, Hreggvidsson GO, Hjörleifsdottir S, Marteinsson VT, Petursdottir SK, Holst O, Kristjansson JK (2000) Influence of sulfide and temperature on species composition and community structure of hot spring microbial mats. Appl Environ Microbiol 66:2835–2841
Smith AJ, Lascelles J (1966) Thiosulphate metabolism and rhodanese in Chromatium sp. strain D. J Gen Microbiol 42:357–370
Sorokin DY, Tourova TP, Galinski EA, Muyzer G, Kuenen JG (2008) Thiohalorhabdus denitrificans gen. nov., sp. nov., an extremely halophilic, sulfur-oxidizing, deep-lineage gammaproteobacterium from hypersaline habitats. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 58:2890–2897
Starkey RL (1934) The production of polythionates from thiosulfate by microörganisms. J Bacteriol 28:387
Steger D, Wentrup C, Braunegger C (2011) Microorganisms with novel dissimilatory (Bi)sulfite reductase genes are widespread and part of the core microbiota in low-sulfate peatlands. Appl Environ Microbiol 77:1231–1242
Steinmetz MA, Fischer U (1982) Cytochromes of the green sulfur bacterium Chlorobium vibrioforme thiosulfatophilum, purification, characterization and sulfur metabolism. Arch Microbiol 19:19–26
Stepanauskas R, Sieracki ME (2007) Matching phylogeny and metabolism in the uncultured marine bacteria, one cell at a time. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 104:9052–9057
Tabatabai MA (1984) Importance of sulfur in crop production. Biogeochemistry 1:45–62
Takakuwa S, Oae S, Okuyama T (1992) Biochemical aspects of microbial oxidation of inorganic sulfur compounds, in Organic Sulfur Chemistry, Biochemical Aspects. CRC Press, Boca Raton, pp 1–43
Tang Y, Pingitore F, Mukhopadhyay A, Phan R et al (2007) Pathway confirmation and flux analysis of cental metabolic pathways in D. vulgaris, Hildenborough, using gas chromatography, mass spectrometry and fourtier transform ion cyclotrone resonance mass spectroscopy. J Bacteriol 189:940–949
Then J, Trüper HG (1981) The role of thiosulfate in sulfur metabolism of Rhodopseudomonas globiformis. Arch Microbiol 130:143–146
Tourna M, Maclean P, Condron L, O'Callaghan M, Wakelin SA (2014) Links between sulphur oxidation and sulphur-oxidising bacteria abundance and diversity in soil microcosms based on functional gene analysis. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 88:538–549
Tourova TP, Kovaleva OL, Bumazhkin BK, Patutina EO, Kuznetsov BB, Bryantseva IA, Gorlenko VM, Sorokin DY (2011) Application of ribulose-1, 5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase genes as molecular markers for assessment of the diversity of autotrophic microbial communities inhabiting the upper sediment horizons of the saline and soda lakes of the Kulunda Steppe. Microbiology 80:812–825
Trüper HG, Fischer U (1982) Anaerobic oxidation of sulfur compounds as electron donors for bacterial photosynthesis. Philos Trans R Soc Lond Ser B Biol Sci 298:529–542
Trüper HG, Pfennig N (1966) Sulfur metabolism in Thiorhodaceae. III. Storage and turnover of thiosulphate sulfur in Thiocapsa floridana and Chromatium species. Int J Gen Mol Microbiol 32:261–276
Tuttle JH (1980) Organic carbon utilization by resting cells of thiosulfate-utilizing marine heterotrphs. Appl Environ Microbiol 40:516–521
Urich T, Coelho R, Kletzin A, Frazao C (2005) The sulfur oxygenase reductase from Acidianus ambivalens is an icosatetramer as shown by crystallization and Patterson analysis. Biochim Biophys Acta 1747:267–270
Vermeij P, Wietek C, Kahnert A, Wüest T, Kertesz MA (1999) Genetic organization of sulfurcontrolled aryl desulfonation in Pseudomonas putida S-313. Mol Microbiol 32:913–926
Wagner M (2009) Single-cell ecophysiology of microbes as revealed by Raman microspectroscopy or secondary ion mass spectrometry imaging. Annu Rev Microbiol 63:411–429
Wagner M, Roger AJ, Flax JL, Brusseau GA, Stahl DA (1998) Phylogeny of dissimilatory sulfite reductases supports an early origin of sulfate respiration. J Bacteriol 180:2975–2982
Wainwright M (1984) Sulfur oxidation in soils. Adv Agron 37:349–396
Wakai S, Kikumoto M, Kanao T, Kamimura K (2004) Involvement of sulfide: quinone oxidoreductase in sulfur oxidation of an acidophilic iron-oxidizing bacterium, Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans NASF-1. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 68:2519–2528
Wang S, Hou W, Dong H, Jiang H, Huang L, Wu G, Zhang C, Song Z, Zhang Y, Ren H, Zhang J (2013) Control of temperature on microbial community structure in hot springs of the Tibetan Plateau. PLoS One 8:e62901
White R, Engelen G (1997) Cellular automata as the basis of integrated dynamic regional modelling. Environ Plann B Plann Des 24:235–246
Williams CH (1972) Sulfur deficiency in Australia. Sulfur Inst J 8:5–8
Williams PJ, Cloete TE (2008) Microbial community study of the iron ore concentrate of the Sishen Iron Ore Mine, South Africa. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 24:2531–2538
Wind T, Conrad R (1997) Localization of sulfate reduction in planted and unplanted rice field soil. Biogeochemistry 37:253–278
Wodara C, Bardischewsky F, Friedrich CG (1997) Cloning and characterization of sulfite dehydrogenase, two c-type cytochromes, and a flavoprotein of Paracoccus denitrificans GB17: essential role of sulfite dehydrogenase in lithotrophic sulfur oxidation. J Bacteriol 179:5014–5023
Wu J, O’Donnell AG, Syers JK (1995) Influences of glucose, nitrogen and plant residues on the immobilization of sulphate-S in soil. Soil Biol Biochem 27:1363–1370
Wu QL, Zwart G, Schauer M, Kamst-van Agterveld MP, Hahn MW (2006) Bacterioplankton community composition along a salinity gradient of sixteen high-mountain lakes located on the Tibetan Plateau, China. Appl Environ Microbiol 72:5478–5485
Wuebbles DJ, Hayhoe K (2002) Atmospheric methane and global change. Earth Sci Rev 57:177–210
Xie C, Chen D, Li YQ (2005) Raman sorting and identification of single living micro-organisms with optical tweezers. Opt Lett 30:1800–1802
Yao H, Conrad R, Wassmann R, Neue HU (1999) Effect of soil characteristics on sequential reduction and methane production in sixteen rice paddy soils from China, the Philippines, and Italy. Biogeochemistry 47:269–295
Yousuf B, Kumar R, Mishra A, Jha B (2014) Unravelling the carbon and sulfur metabolism in coastal soil ecosystems using comparative cultivation independent genome-level characterisation of microbial communities. PLoS One 9:e107025
Zhao C, Gupta VV, Degryse F, McLaughlin MJ (2017a) Abundance and diversity of sulphur-oxidising bacteria and their role in oxidising elemental sulphur in cropping soils. Biol Fertil Soils 53:159
Zhao C, Gupta VV, Degryse F, McLaughlin MJ (2017b) Effects of pH and ionic strength on elemental sulphur oxidation in soil. Biol Fertil Soils 53:247
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2018 Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Kumar, U. et al. (2018). Diversity of Sulfur-Oxidizing and Sulfur-Reducing Microbes in Diverse Ecosystems. In: Adhya, T., Lal, B., Mohapatra, B., Paul, D., Das, S. (eds) Advances in Soil Microbiology: Recent Trends and Future Prospects. Microorganisms for Sustainability, vol 3. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-6178-3_4
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-6178-3_4
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Singapore
Print ISBN: 978-981-10-6177-6
Online ISBN: 978-981-10-6178-3
eBook Packages: Biomedical and Life SciencesBiomedical and Life Sciences (R0)