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Prospects for Quinoa (Chenopodium Quinoa Willd.) Improvement Through Biotechnology

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Biotechnology of Neglected and Underutilized Crops

Abstract

Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd., 2n = 4x = 36) is an Andean broadleaf seed and vegetable crop of ancient origin. Quinoa represents one or two botanical varieties of a much broader tri-species complex native to North and South America and dominated by weedy forms of pitseed goosefoot (C. berlandieri Moq.) and avian goosefoot (C. hircinum Schrad.). This biological species complex includes at least two extant domesticated forms of C. berlandieri subsp. nuttaliae (Safford) H.D. Wilson and Heister: Mexican huazontle and chia roja. Within quinoa itself the two main limitations to the crop’s improvement and dissemination are restricted access to cultivated Highland Andean germplasm and heat-stress susceptibility in the best agronomic types from the southern Altiplano. These limitations underscore the importance of the exotic gene pool for future quinoa breeding. A sophisticated tool box of DNA-based genetic markers and genomic resources has been developed to facilitate gene transfer from exotic sources in pre-breeding and accelerate the process of breeding elite cultivars. In addition, quinoa physiology and agronomy research have identified promising strategies and potential gene targets for improving yield, heat tolerance, maturity, and other traits critical to the expansion of quinoa into temperate and subtropical lowland production environments. The existing political climate in key areas of the Andean region, while unfavorable for the application of transgenic breeding approaches, should encourage accelerated efforts to incorporate MAS strategies in quinoa breeding.

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Abbreviations

AFLP:

Amplified fragment length polymorphism

BAC:

Bacterial artificial chromosome

BAFI:

Ezra T. Benson Agriculture and Food Institute

BVP:

Basic vegetative phase

CIP:

International Potato Center (Lima, Peru)

EST:

Expressed sequence tag

FCB:

Financial costbenefit ratio

FISH:

Fluorescent in situ hybridization

GA:

Gibberellic acid

GLAI:

Green leaf area index

GM:

Genetically modified

IGS:

Intergenic spacer

IPAR:

Incidental photosynthetically active radiation

LAI:

Leaf area index

MAB:

Marker assisted breeding

MAS:

Marker assisted selection

NOR:

Nucleolar organizer region

NTS:

Non-transcribed spacer or 5S rRNA gene

PAR:

Photosynthetically active radiation

PPS:

Photoperiod sensitivity

RAPD:

Random amplified polymorphic DNA

RFLP:

Restriction fragment length polymorphism

RIE:

Radiation interception efficiency

RIL:

Recombinant inbred line

RUE:

Radiation use efficiency

SNP:

Single nucleotide polymorphism

SOS1:

Salt Overly Sensitive 1 (gene)

SRA:

Sequence read archive

SSR:

Simple sequence repeat

TPAR:

Transmitted photosynthetically active radiation

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Plant and Wildlife Sciences, Brigham Young University, 275 WIDB, Provo, UT, 84602, USA

    Eric N. Jellen & Peter J. Maughan

  2. Departamento de Produccion Vegetal, Facultad de Agronomia, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Avenue San Martin 4453, C1417DSE, Buenos Aires, Argentina

    Daniel Bertero

  3. Department of Crop Physiology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38040, Pakistan

    Hassan Munir

Authors
  1. Eric N. Jellen
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  2. Peter J. Maughan
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  3. Daniel Bertero
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  4. Hassan Munir
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Correspondence to Eric N. Jellen .

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  1. , Department of Agricultural, University of Helsinki, 5 Latokartanonkaari Room C 130, Helsinki, 00014, Finland

    Shri Mohan Jain

  2. Dept. Agricultural & Food Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, 721302, India

    S. Dutta Gupta

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Jellen, E.N., Maughan, P.J., Bertero, D., Munir, H. (2013). Prospects for Quinoa (Chenopodium Quinoa Willd.) Improvement Through Biotechnology. In: Jain, S., Dutta Gupta, S. (eds) Biotechnology of Neglected and Underutilized Crops. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-5500-0_8

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