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The Cytoskeleton of Pollen Tubes and How It Determines the Physico-mechanical Properties of Cell Wall

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Pollen Tip Growth

Abstract

The growth of pollen tubes is a complex process that requires the synchronized activity of many different factors. Pollen tubes grow by penetrating through relatively solid tissues of the pistil. In doing so, pollen tubes need a specialized shape consisting of a tubular axis culminating with a hemispherical dome. In order to maintain such a shape, pollen tubes must build a dynamic cell wall which is highly adapted to the cell’s penetrating activity. Therefore, the molecular mechanism controlling the pollen tube architecture is critical. In growing pollen tubes, the cytoskeleton controls the intracellular transport of organelles and vesicles. Movement of membrane-bounded structures is necessary for the apex-constrained growth of pollen tubes and for proper assembly of the cell wall. This process is strictly related to the fine-tuned deposition of specific proteins and polysaccharides, which contribute to local differentiation of cell wall texture and thus to the growth pattern of pollen tubes. This chapter will focus on the molecular relationships between cytoskeleton and cell wall deposition in pollen tubes in order to highlight how the cytoskeleton controls the shaping of pollen tubes.

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Abbreviations

ADF:

Actin-depolymerizing factors

AGP:

Arabinogalactan proteins

CDPK:

Calcium-dependent protein kinase

GFP:

Green fluorescence protein

IP3 :

Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate

MAP:

Microtubule-associated protein

MASC:

Microtubule-associated cellulose synthase compartment

PME:

Pectin methyl esterase

ROP:

Rho of plants

ROS:

Reactive oxygen species

SmaCC:

Small CESA compartment

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita, University of Siena, via Mattioli 4, 53100, Siena, Italy

    Giampiero Cai & Mauro Cresti

  2. Dipartimento di Scienze Biologiche, Geologiche e Ambientali, via Irnerio 42, 40126, Bologna, Italy

    Luigi Parrotta

Authors
  1. Giampiero Cai
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  2. Luigi Parrotta
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  3. Mauro Cresti
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Correspondence to Giampiero Cai .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Molecular Biology, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria

    Gerhard Obermeyer

  2. Cell Biology Molecular Genetics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA

    José Feijó

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Cai, G., Parrotta, L., Cresti, M. (2017). The Cytoskeleton of Pollen Tubes and How It Determines the Physico-mechanical Properties of Cell Wall. In: Obermeyer, G., Feijó, J. (eds) Pollen Tip Growth. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-56645-0_3

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