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Dental Mesenchymal Stem/Progenitor Cells: A New Prospect in Regenerative Medicine

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Stem Cells

Abstract

Dental mesenchymal stem/progenitor cells (MSCs) have unique biological criteria in terms of genes and protein expression. They possess the common characteristics of non-dental MSCs that include the self-renewal ability, differentiation potential into variable cell lineages, and immunomodulatory properties. In addition, they reveal superior regenerative potential as compared to MSCs derived from other body tissues. Being easily acquired with minimally invasive procedures, make them promising resources in tissue engineering and regenerative therapies. This chapter presents a brief review of different sources of dental stem/progenitor cells, the specific criteria of dental MSCs and their advantages over non-dental MSCs. Moreover, this chapter reviews the osteogenic, hepatogenic, neurogenic, immunomodulatory, and dental tissue regenerative potential of these cells. A comparison between dental stem/progenitor cells from different sources regarding their proliferative potential and regenerative potential is discussed. Furthermore, this chapter explores the growth factors and cytokines expressed or induced by these cells, the effect of these signaling molecules on the diversity of their differentiation and regeneration potential. Since maintaining the genetic integrity against DNA damage and other challenges concerning cell-based therapy hinder the utility of dental MSCs in clinical implementation, this chapter displays the major limitations concerning their clinical translation and suggests possible solutions.

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Abbreviations

ABMSCs:

Alveolar bone proper-derived stem/progenitor cells

ARDS:

Acute respiratory distress syndrome

BM:

Bone marrow

BDNF:

Brain-derived neurotrophic factor

BMP-2:

Bone morphogenetic protein

BM-MSCs:

Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells

CM:

Conditioned medium

CSF:

colony-stimulating factor

DFSCs:

Dental follicle stem/progenitor cells

DMP-1:

dentin matrix phosphoprotein 1

DMSCs:

Dental mesenchymal stem/progenitor cells

DPSCs:

Dental pulp stem cells

DSPP:

Dentin sialophosphoprotein

ESCs:

Embryonic stem cells

EGF:

Epidermal growth factor

FGF:

Fibroblast growth factor

FGF-2:

Fibroblast growth factor 2

FGF-R:

Fibroblast growth factor-receptor

GDNF:

Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor

GMCSF:

Granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor

GMSCs:

Gingival mesenchymal stem/progenitor cells

HLA-DR:

Human Leukocyte Antigen – DR

HSCs:

Hematopoietic stem cells

IFNγ:

Interferon gamma

IGF-1:

Insulin-like growth factor-1

JNK:

c-Jun N-terminal kinase

LPL:

Lipoprotein lipase

LPS:

Lipopolysaccharide

MAP 2:

Microtubule-associated protein 2

MAPK:

Mitogen-activated protein kinase

MI:

Myocardial infarction

MSCs:

Mesenchymal stem/progenitor cells

NFKb:

Nuclear factor-kappa B pathway

NGF:

Neuronal growth factor

NF-M:

Neuronal specific intermediate filament

NT-3:

Neurotrophin-3

PDL:

Periodontal ligament

PDLSCs:

Periodontal Ligament Stem/progenitor Cells

PPARγ2:

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ2

Runx 2:

Runt-related transcription factor 2

Sca-1:

Stem cell antigen

SCAPs:

Stem/progenitor Cells from Apical Dental Papilla

SHEDs:

Stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth

SSEA-4:

Stage-specific embryonic antigen 4

Oct4:

Octamer-binding transcription factor

TERM:

Tissue engineering and regenerative medicine

TGF-β:

Transforming growth factor β

TNF-α:

Tumor necrosis factor-α

TRA:

Tumor recognition antigens

VEGF:

Vascular endothelial growth factor

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Biomaterials Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt

    Aiah A. El-Rashidy & Khadiga M. Sadek

  2. Stem cells and Tissue Engineering Research Group, Faculty of Dentistry, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt

    Aiah A. El-Rashidy, Israa Ahmed Radwan, Dina Rady, Sara El Moshy, Marwa M. S. Abbass, Khadiga M. Sadek, Azza Ezz El-Arab & Karim M. Fawzy El-Sayed

  3. Oral Biology Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt

    Israa Ahmed Radwan, Dina Rady, Sara El Moshy & Marwa M. S. Abbass

  4. Oral Medicine and Periodontology Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt

    Azza Ezz El-Arab & Karim M. Fawzy El-Sayed

  5. Clinic for Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, School of Dental Medicine, Christian Albrechts University, Kiel, Germany

    Karim M. Fawzy El-Sayed

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  1. Aiah A. El-Rashidy
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  1. Department of Basic Sciences, Sulaiman AlRajhi University, Al Bukayriyah, Saudi Arabia

    Khawaja H. Haider

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El-Rashidy, A.A. et al. (2021). Dental Mesenchymal Stem/Progenitor Cells: A New Prospect in Regenerative Medicine. In: Haider, K.H. (eds) Stem Cells. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-77052-5_9

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