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Common Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) Breeding

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Advances in Plant Breeding Strategies: Legumes

Abstract

The common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is a grain legume species, mostly cultivated in many developing countries of Africa, America and Asia. It is considered a key crop for improving food security of people vulnerable to malnutrition. From the 1930s, common bean genetic improvement has historically been conducted by international programs in coordination with government institutions and following traditional methods. Those efforts have created successful varieties in recent decades. But, current climate change effects and the reduced adoption of adequate technologies for cultivation, have threatened common bean productivity. Probably, challenges for the next decades cannot meet using only traditional breeding. Thus, new techniques and approaches for conducting breeding should be soon adopted to obtain new varieties with broad resistance to varied biotic and abiotic stresses. When planning new breeding programs, it is important to consider the current agro-biotechnology advances in molecular markers, functional genomics, mutagenesis, tissue culture and even genetic engineering, which could improve breeding efficiency. Additionally, the conservation, utilization of genetic resources and the promotion of participatory breeding will be crucial to strengthen the least productive common bean systems. It will be important to provide varieties that respond well to agro-ecological management under an integral ecology approach. Finally, it is evident that there is still an opportunity to improve productivity by improving access and adoption of more resilient technologies. In this particular case, community seed banks can play an important role in the future.

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Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. The Institute for Training, Research and Environmental Development (CIDEA), University of Central America, Managua, Nicaragua

    Oswalt R. Jiménez

Authors
  1. Oswalt R. Jiménez
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Oswalt R. Jiménez .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, King Faisal University, Al Hassa, Saudi Arabia

    Jameel M. Al-Khayri

  2. University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland

    Shri Mohan Jain

  3. Cincinnati, OH, USA

    Dennis V. Johnson

Appendices

Appendices

5.1.1 Appendix I: Research Institutes and Online Resources Available for Common Bean Breeding

Institute

Area of specialization and research activities

Contact information

Bioversity International

Plant genetic resources, conservation of common bean genetic resources in situ and ex situ; support to community seed banks for high-quality seed production; plant breeding using participatory approaches

Via dei Tre Denari, 472/a 00054 Maccarese (Fiumicino), Italy

https://www.bioversityinternational.org

Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (Embrapa)

Plant breeding, agro-biotechnology, crop management, plant breeding for high yield, resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses; tissue culture; genetic engineering

Rodovia GO-462, Km 12, Fazenda Capivara, Zona Rural Caixa Postal: 179 CEP: 75375-000 – Santo Antônio de Goiás GO, Brasil https://www.embrapa.br/en/arroz-e-feijao/

International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT)

Plant breeding, crop management, seed production, phenotypic and molecular characterization of germplasm; plant breeding for high yield, resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses, high grain iron and zinc concentration; pre-breeding; conservation of genetic resources in situ and ex situ; support to community seed banks for high-quality seed production

Km 17 Recta Calí-Palmira CP 763537 Apartado Aéreo 6713, Calí, Colombia

Dr. Stephen Beebe (s.beebe@cgiar.org)

http://ciat.cgiar.org/what-we-do/breeding-better-crops/beans/

International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT)

Plant breeding, agro-biotechnology, crop management, genetic improvement using modern genomics, molecular biology and breeding approaches

Patancheru 502324 Telangana, India

Dr. Rajeev K. Vashney (r.k.varshney@cgiar.org)

http://www.icrisat.org/research-development/

Michigan State University

Plant breeding, crop management, breeding and genetics for drought tolerance and disease resistance; support to community seed banks for high-quality seed production

220 Trowbridge Rd., East Lansing, MI 48824, USA

Dr. James D. Kelly (kellyj@msu.edu), http://www.canr.msu.edu/psm/research

Misión Biológica de Galicia

Crop biodiversity, plant breeding, phenotypic and molecular characterization of germplasm; breeding for resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses

Pazo de Salcedo. Carballeira, 8. Salcedo. 36143 Pontevedra, España

Dr. Marta Santalla (msantalla@mbg.csic.es)

http://www.mbg.csic.es

National Institute of Forestry, Agriculture and Livestock Research (INIFAP México)

Plant breeding, plant genetic resources conservation, crop management, plant breeding for resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses; conservation of genetic resources in situ and ex situ; plant breeding using participatory approaches; support to community seed banks for high-quality seed production

Avenida Progreso No. 5, Col. Barrio de Santa Catarina, Delegación Coyoacan C.P. 0401, México, D.F.

www.inifap.gob.mx

United States Department of Agriculture / Agricultural Research Service

Plant breeding for high yields, resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses and to improve cooking time and nutritional value of harvested seeds

Jamie L. Whitten Building, Room 302A, 1400 Independence Ave., S.W. Washington DC 20250, USA https://www.ars.usda.gov/office-of-international-research-programs/ftf-grain-legumes/

University of California (Davis)

Crop biodiversity, plant breeding, study of evolutionary factors that affect crop biodiversity, plant factors such as gene flow and gene diversification, environmental correlations with crop biodiversity, and human effects on the maintenance and generation of diversity

1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616, USA

Dr. Paul Gepts (plgepts@ucdavis.edu)

https://biology.ucdavis.edu/

https://biology.ucdavis.edu/people/paul-gepts

University of Puerto Rico

Plant breeding, seed production, plant breeding for high yield, resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses. High-quality seed production

Universidad de Puerto Rico, Mayagüez, Puerto Rico 00681-9000

Dr. James S. Beaver (james.beaver@upr.edu)

http://www.upr.edu/

Zamorano University

Plant breeding, crop management, plant breeding for high yield, high grain iron and zinc concentration and resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses. Research on Phaseolus-rhizobia interaction, high quality seed production

PO Box 93, Km 30 road from Tegucigalpa to Danlí, Yeguare Valley, Municipality of San Antonio de Oriente. Francisco Morazán, Honduras

Dr. Juan Carlos Rosas (jcrosas@zamorano.edu)

https://www.zamorano.edu/

  1. Note: These institutions have the most significant role at a global level. Nonetheless, there are a significant number of NIARs, universities and international institutes that also contribute to common bean breeding activities in the world

5.1.2 Appendix II: Genetic Resources of Common Bean

5.1.2.1 Most Popular Common Bean Varieties in African Countries, Their Characteristics and Site of Cultivation

Country

Variety name

Characteristics

Site of cultivation

Tanzania

Lyamungu 85

Tolerant to drought and diseases. Yield 2–2.5 mt/ha. Large red/brown Calima type seeds

Northern and Western zone

 

Lyamungu 90

Tolerant to drought and diseases. Yield 2–2.7 mt/ha. Large red mottle, Calima type seeds

Northern and Western zone

 

Uyole 90

Tolerant to ALS and R. Yield 2–2.5 mt/ha. Medium cream/brown stripe seeds

Southern highlands

 

SUA 90

Tolerant to ALS and R. Yield 2–2.5 mt/ha. Small beige seeds

Eastern zone

 

Selian 94

Tolerant to A and storage pests. Yield 2–2.5 mt/ha. Medium pink with red spots seeds

Northern and Western zone

 

Uyole 94

Tolerant to ALS, R. Yield 2–3 mt/ha. Large cream/dark red seeds

Southern highlands

 

Njano-Uyole

Tolerant to ALS and R. Yield 2–3 mt/ha. Medium yellow seeds

Southern highlands, Western and Northern zones

 

Uyole 96

Tolerant to R and ALS. Yield 2–2.5 mt/ha. Large dark red kidney seeds

Southern highlands

 

JESCA

Drought tolerant, early maturing variety. Yield 2–2.5 mt/ha. Large purple rounded seeds

Northern and Western zone

 

Selian 97

Tolerant to ALS and R. Yield 2–2.5 mt/ha. Large dark red kidney seeds

Northern and Western zone

 

Uyole 03

Tolerant to A, ALS and HB. Yield 2–2.5 mt/ha. Large sugar/red specked seeds

Southern highlands

 

Wanja

Tolerant to drought due to its early maturing nature. Yield 1.5–2 mt/ha. Large khaki seeds

Southern highlands

 

Uyole 04

Tolerant to A, ALS and HB. Yield 2.5–3 mt/ha. Medium cream seeds

Southern highlands

 

Calima-Uyole

Tolerant to A and ALS. Yield 2–3 mt/ha. Red mottled (Cranberry) medium seed size seeds

Southern highlands, Western and Northern zone

 

Cheupe

Tolerant to A, ALS and HB. Yield 4–6.5 mt/ha. Medium white seeds

Northern and Western zone

 

Selian 06

Tolerant to A, ALS and HB. Yield 4.6–7.5 mt/ha. Medium purple seeds

Northern and Western zone

Ethiopia

Lehode

Tolerant to foliar diseases

Northeastern

 

Loko

Tolerant/Resistant to ALS, HB, A, BCMNV

Western

 

Batu

Tolerant/Resistant to ALS and BCMNV

In areas with short season

 

Deme

Tolerant/Resistant to ALS and BCMNV

In all bean growing areas

 

Kufanzik

Tolerant/Resistant to ALS, HB, A, BCMNV

Eastern (Hararghe highlands)

 

Dursitu

Tolerant/Resistant to ALS and BCMNV

Eastern (Hararghe highlands)

 

Hawassa Dume

Tolerant/Resistant to ALS, HB, A, BCMV

Southern region (Wolaita, Sidama, Gamu Gofa)

 

CRANSCOPE

Tolerant/Resistant to ALS and BCMNV

Central Rift Valley

 

ACOS RED

Tolerant/Resistant to ALS and BCMNV

Central Rift Valley and southern region

 

GABISA

Resistant to CBB

Western bean growing region

 

Chercher

Tolerant/Resistant to ALS, HB, A, BCMV

Eastern (Hararghe highland)

 

Haramaya

Tolerant/Resistant to ALS and BCMNV

Eastern (Hararghe highland)

 

Chore

Tolerant/Resistant to ALS and BCMNV

Central Rift Valley and Eastern

 

Dinkinesh

Tolerant to CBB

All bean growing areas

 

Melkadima

Tolerant/Resistant to ALS and BCMV

Southern and Southwest

 

Batagonia

Tolerant/Resistant to ALS and BCMNV

Southern

 

Anger

Tolerant/Resistant to ALS and BCMNV

Western

 

Tibe

Tolerant/Resistant to ALS, HB, A, BCMNV

Western

 

Wedo

Tolerant/Resistant to ALS and BCMV

Northwest

 

Ibado

Tolerant/Resistant to ALS and BCMNV

Southern

 

Omo-95

Tolerant/Resistant to ALS

Southern

 

Nasir

Tolerant/Resistant to ALS and BCMV

Across all bean growing regions

 

Dimtu

Resistant to BGMV

Across all bean growing regions

 

Tabor

Tolerant/Resistant to ALS and BCMNV

Central Rift Valley and Southern

 

Zebra

Tolerant/Resistant to ALS, HB, A, BCMNV

Across all bean growing regions

 

Gobe Rasha-1

Tolerant/Resistant to ALS and BCMNV

Southern and Southwest

 

Red Woliata

Tolerant/Resistant to ALS and BCMNV

Southern

 

Awash Melka

Tolerant/Resistant to ALS, HB, A and BCMV

All bean growing regions

 

Roba

Tolerant/Resistant to ALS, HB, A and BCMNV

All bean growing regions

 

Awash 1

Tolerant/Resistant to ALS, HB, A and BCMNV

All bean growing regions

 

Mexican 142

Resistant to ALS

All bean growing regions

Kenya

New Rose Coco

Moderate resistance to R, CBB, ALS, A, BCMV and BCMNV. Yield 1.3–2.3 mt/ha. Large/ calima type seeds

Eastern, Western and Rift valley

 

Miezi mbili

Resistance to R, CBB, ALS, A, BCMV and HB. Yield 1.2–2.3 mt/ha. Large seeds

Central, and Rift valley

 

Kenya Early

Moderate resistance to R, CBB, ALS, A and BCMV. Yield 1.1–2.2 mt/ha. Large seeds

Eastern, Nyanza, Central, Western and Rift valley

 

Kenya Red Kidney

Moderately resistance to R, CBB, ALS, A, BCMV and BCMNV. Yield 1.1–2.8 mt/ha. Large seeds

Eastern, Nyanza, Central, Western

 

Kenya Wonder

Moderate resistance to HB, CBB, ALS, A and BCMV. Yield 1.1–2 mt/ha. Large seeds

Eastern, Nyanza, Central, Western and Rift valley

 

Kenya Sugar Bean

Moderate resistance to HB, CBB, ALS, A and BCMV. Yield 1.1–1.8. mt/ha. Large seeds

Eastern, Nyanza, Central, Western and Rift valley

 

Tasha

Resistant to ALS, A and RR. Yield 1.1–2.1. mt/ha. Large/calima type seeds

Eastern and Rift valley

 

Kenya Afya

High grain iron and zinc concentration, medium and brownish yellow seeds. Yield 2.2–3.2 mt/ha. Calima type seeds

Eastern, Nyanza, Central, Western and Rift valley

 

Kenya Majano

High grain iron and zinc concentration. Yield 2.2–3 mt/ha. Medium and yellow seeds

Eastern, Nyanza, Central, Western and Rift valley

 

Kenya Madini

High grain iron and zinc concentration. Yield 2.2–2.5 mt/ha. Calima type seeds

Eastern, Nyanza, Central, Western and Rift valley

 

Kenya mavuno

Resistant to A and CBB. Yield 2–3 mt/ha. Medium/Calima type seeds

Eastern, Nyanza and Central,

 

Kenya Safi

Resistant to A. Yield 1.2–1.5 mt/ha. Medium grains/Calima type seeds

Eastern, Nyanza, Central, Western and Rift valley

 

Mwitemania

Drought tolerant. Yield 1.2–1.5 mt/ha. Medium size/pinto seeds

Eastern, Nyanza, Central, and Rift valley

 

Katheka (KATB 1)

Early maturity, heat and drought tolerant, cooks fast. Yield 1.2–1.5 mt/ha. Medium round yellow seeds

Nyanza, Central, Western and Rift valley

 

KATB 9

Tolerant to heat, high yielding, drought tolerant, early maturing, cooks fast. Yield 1–1.8 mt/ha. Medium round red seeds

Eastern, Nyanza, Central, Western and Rift valley

Malawi

Namajengo

High yielding. Yield 2.5 mt/ha

Livingstonia, Viphya, Dedza

 

Kanzama

High yielding and wide adaptation. Yield 2.5 mt/ha

Chitipa, Livingstonia, Viphya

 

Kalima

Tolerant to ALS and A. 2 mt/ha. Large seeds

Chitipa, Livingstonia, Viphya, Dedza

 

Bunda 3

Resistant to BCMV. Yield 2 mt/ha

Lake Basin, Phalombe

 

Kambidzi

High yielding, tolerant to ALS. Yield 2.5 mt/ha

Lake Basin, Phalombe

 

Nagaga

Tolerant to low soil fertility, resistant to BCMV. Yield 2 mt/ha

Mzimba, Lilongwe, Dowa, Nmawera, Shire

 

Kabalabala

Tolerant to ALS and CBW. Yield 2.5 mt/ha

Lake Basin, Phalombe

 

NUA 59

Early maturing, high grain iron and zinc concentration. Yield 1.7 mt/ha

Mzimba, Lilongwe, Dowa, Nmawera, Shire

 

Iris

Drought tolerant, early maturing. Yield 3.5 mt/ha. Carioca type seeds

Guruve, Gokwe south and Nyanga

 

Cardinal

Wide adaptation. Yield 4 mt/ha. Calima type seeds

Kwekwe, Marondera, Chipinge and Lupane

 

Speckled Ice

Wide adaptation. Yield 3.5 mt/ha. Sugar type seeds

Chimanimani, Shrugwi, Binga and Chirumanzu

 

NUA 45

Good taste, high grain iron and zinc concentration, quick to cook. Yield 2.4 mt/ha. Calima type seeds

Guruve, Gokwe south and Nyanga

 

Gloria

Attractive seed color (local market). Yield 2.4 mt/ha

Chimanimani, Shrugwi, Binga and Chirumanzu

 

Bounty

Yield 2 mt/ha. Sugar type seeds

Chimanimani, Shrugwi, Binga and Chirumanzu

 

PAN148

Widely adapted, resistant to BCMV. Yield 2.1 mt/ha. Sugar type seeds

Kwekwe, Marondera, Chipinge and Lupane

 

PAN127

Moderately tolerant to rust and resistant to BCMV. Yield 1.6 mt/ha. Sugar type seeds

Kwekwe, Marondera, Chipinge and Lupane

Uganda

NABE 1

Tolerant to ALS, A and BCMV. Medium/large/sugar/red mottled/yellow seeds

Western and Eastern Tall grass

 

Kanyebwa

Tolerant to ALS, A and BCMV. Medium/large/sugar/red mottled/Yellow seeds

Western and Eastern Tall grass

 

Nambale

Tolerant to ALS, A and BCMV. Medium/large/sugar/red mottled/Yellow seeds

Western and Eastern Tall grass

 

NABE 4

Tolerant to ALS, A and BCMV. Medium/large/sugar/red mottled/Yellow seeds

Western and Eastern Tall grass

 

K132, Kanyebwa, Otawa, NABE13, NABE 12C and Kamwanyi

Tolerant to ALS, CBW, wide adaptation. Sugar, medium to large red mottled, small to medium red and brown seeds

Eastern tall grass and Mt. Elgon regions

Burundi

Magorori

Tolerant to BCMV, A, BR and R; intermediate reaction to ALS. Yield 1.2–2 mt/ha. Medium grains/calima seeds

All high-altitude areas in Burundi

 

Murengeti

Tolerant to ALS, BCMV, R, BR and A; intermediate reaction to HB. Yield 1.5–2 mt/ha. Large grains/kablanket seeds

All high-altitude areas in Burundi

 

Kinure

Tolerant to ALS, BCMV, A, BR and R. Yield 1.5–2 mt/ha. Medium/purple seeds

All high-altitude areas in Burundi

 

Mbunduguru

Tolerant to BCMV, A and BR; resistant to ALS; Intermediate reaction to R. Yield 1–1.3 mt/ha. Medium round yellow seeds

Low to medium altitudes

 

Inakayoba

Tolerant to BCMV, ALS and R; resistant to A and BR.

Low to medium altitudes

 

Inamunihire

Tolerant to A, ALS, BCMV; intermediate reaction to BR. Yield 1.2–2 mt/ha. Large/yellow seeds

Medium altitudes

 

Mubogora

Tolerant to A, ALS, BCMV. Yield 1–1.5 t/ha. Large/red kidney seeds

Medium to high altitudes

 

Bishaza

Resistant to ALS; tolerant to BCMV and CBB; intermediate reaction to A. Yield 1 mt/ha. Medium/Sugar seeds

Medium to high altitudes

 

Bisera

Tolerant to BCMV, ALS, A, BR and RR. Yield 1–1.5 mt/ha. Large/red mottled seeds

Medium altitudes

  1. Sources: Monyo Emmanuel and Laxmipathi Gowda (2014); Mukankusi et al. (2018); Katungi et al. (2017). Papias H. Binagwa is acknowledged for contributing to this table design
  2. Key: A Anthracnose, ALS Angular Leaf Spot, BCMNV Bean Common Mosaic Necrosis Virus, BCMV Bean Common Mosaic Virus, BGMV Bean Golden Mosaic Virus, BR Black Root, CBB Common Bacterial Blight, CBW Common Bacterial Wilt, HB Halo Blight, R Rust, RR Root Rot

5.1.2.2 Most Popular Common Bean Varieties in Central American Countries, Their Characteristics and Site of Cultivation

Country

Variety name

Characteristics

Site of cultivation

Costa Rica

Suru

Days to harvest 74–80 days. Yield 1.9 mt/ha. 100-SW of 22 g. White seeds

Whole country, recommended in Brunca region

 

Tonjibe

Days to harvest 75–80 days. Resistant to BCMV. Yield 1.5 mt/ha. 100-SW of 23 g. Red seeds

Whole country, recommended in Brunca region

 

Chánguena

Days to harvest average 75 days. Resistant to BCMV. Yield 2.3 mt/ha. 100-SW of 21 g. Red seeds

Whole country, recommended in Central region

 

Curré

Days to harvest 74–79 days. Resistant to BCMV. Yield 1.8 mt/ha. 100-SW of 21.5 g. Red seeds

Whole country, recommended in Central region

 

Gibre

Days to harvest 65–70 days. Resistant to BCMV. Yield potential until 2.5 mt/ha. Red seeds

Whole country, recommended in Central region

 

Telire

Days to harvest 72–80 days. Resistant to BCMV and BGMV. Yield 1.8 mt/ha. 100-SW of 23 g. Small red seeds

Whole country, recommended in Brunca region

 

Cabécar

Days to harvest 72–75 days. Resistant to BCMV and BGMV. Yield 1.9 mt/ha. 100-SW of 24 g. Small red seeds

Whole country, recommended in north Huetar region

 

UCR 55

Days to harvest between 80 and 104 days. Yield 2.3 mt/ha. Black seeds

Whole country, recommended in sites above 840 m under sea level

 

Bríbrí

Days to harvest 76–80 days. Resistant to BCMV. Yield 1.7 mt/ha. 100-SW of 18–20 g. Small red seeds

Whole country, recommended in Chorotega region

El Salvador

CENTA Ferromás

Resistant to BCMV and BGYMV. Yield 1.5 mt/ha. High grain iron and zinc concentration. Small red seeds

Most regions

 

CENTA Nahuat

Resistant to BCMV and BGYMV. Yield 1.6 mt/ha. Small red seeds

Most regions

 

CENTA CPC

Resistant to BCMV and BGYMV. Tolerant to heat and drought. Yield 1.4 mt/ha. Small red seeds

Most regions

 

CENTA Pipil

Resistant to BCMV and BGMV. Tolerant to heat and drought. Small red (semi-dark) seeds

Most regions

 

CENTA San Andrés

Resistant to BCMV and BGMV. Tolerant to heat and drought. Small red (light) seeds

Most regions

 

CENTA 2000

Resistant to BCMV and BGMV. Tolerant to R. Tolerant to heat and drought. Small red (semi-dark) seeds

Most regions

Guatemala

ICTA Chortí

Days to harvest in average 78 days. Tolerant to R, BGMV, ALS and drought. High grain iron and zinc concentration. Yield 1.9 mt/ha. Opaque black seeds

Regions close to the conditions of Jutiapa, Jalapa and Chiquimula

 

ICTA Peten

Days to harvest in average of 78 days. Tolerant to R and BGMV. High grain iron concentration. Yield 2.2 mt/ha. Black seeds

Regions close to the conditions of Peten

 

ICTA Sayaxche

Days to harvest in average of 88 days. Tolerant to R and BGMV. Yield 2.5 mt/ha. Black seeds

Regions close to the conditions of Peten

 

ICTA Superchiva

Days to harvest 120–135 days. High grain iron and zinc concentration. Tolerant to fungus diseases. Yield 1.6 mt/ha. Black seeds

Highland regions

 

Hunapú

Days to harvest 120–135 days. Purple pods, Tolerant to R. Yield 1.9 mt/ha. Black seeds

Central and Western Altiplano region

 

Altanse

Days to harvest 120–135 days. White pods, Tolerant to R. Yield 1.9 mt/ha. Black seeds

Central and Western Altiplano region

 

Texel

Days to harvest 100–110 days. Yield 0.9 mt/ha. Black seeds

Central and Western Altiplano region

Honduras

Honduras Nutritivo

Resistant to BCMV and tolerant to BGYMV. Intermediate tolerance to CBB and R. High grain iron concentration. Small red seeds

Most regions

 

Azavache 40

Days to harvest 76–80 days. Resistant to BCMV and BCMNV. Intermediate tolerance to BGYMV, CBB, WB and R. Yield 2.5 mt/ha. Black seeds

Most regions

 

Lenca Precoz

Days to harvest 60–70 days. Resistant to BCMV, BCMNV and BGYMV. Tolerant to CBB, WB and R. Yield 2.2 mt/ha. Small black seeds

Most regions

 

Cardenal

Days to harvest 65–70 days. Resistant to BCMV and BGYMV. Tolerant to WB and R. Yield 1.8 mt/ha. Small red seeds

Most regions

 

Deorho

Days to harvest 70–80 days. Resistant to BCMV and BGYMV. Tolerant to ALS, WB, R, drought, heat and low soil fertility. Yield 2 mt/ha. Small red seeds

Most regions

 

Paraisito Mejorado 2

Days to harvest 70–75 days. Resistant to BCMV. Intermediate tolerant to BGYMV, CBB and R. Yield 1.7 mt/ha. Small light-red seeds

Most regions

 

Tío Canela 75

Days to harvest 70–80 days. Resistant to BCMV and BGYMV Intermediate tolerance to A and R. Yield 1.7 mt/ha. Small red seeds

Most regions

 

Amadeus 77

Days to harvest 70–75 days. Resistant to BCMV and BGYMV. Tolerant to drought. Yield 1.7 mt/ha. Small red seeds

Most regions

 

Carrizalito

Days to harvest 70–75 days. Resistant to BCMV and BGYMV. Tolerant to drought. Yield 2.3 mt/ha. Small red seeds

Most regions

Nicaragua

INTA Fuerte Sequía

Days to harvest 72–75 days. Resistant to BCMV and BGYMV. Tolerant to drought and heat. Yield 1.6 mt/ha. Dark red seeds

Most regions

 

INTA Precoz

Days to harvest 68–70 days. Resistant to BCMV and BGYMV. Tolerant to drought. Yield 1.3 mt/ha. Small red seeds

Most regions

 

INTA Rojo

Days to harvest 75–78 days. Resistant to BCMV and BGMV. Yield 1.6 mt/ha. Light red seeds

Most regions

 

INTA Cárdenas

Days to harvest 78–80 days. Resistant to BCMV and BGMV. Yield 1.6 mt/ha. Black seeds

Most regions

 

INTA Ferroso

Days to harvest 72–74 days. Resistant to BCMV and BGMV. High grain iron concentration. Yield 1.2 mt/ha. Small red seeds

Most regions

 

INTA Nutritivo

Days to harvest 68–72 days. Resistant to BCMV. Yield 1.6 mt/ha. High grain iron concentration. Red (light) seeds

Most regions

 

DOR364

Days to harvest 80–85 days. Resistant to BCMV and BGMV. Yield 2.3 mt/ha. Deep dark red seeds

Most regions

  1. Sources: Araya and Hernández (2007); CENTA (2018); DICTA (2018); ICTA (2018); INTA (2018); INTA (2013); Reyes (2012)
  2. Key: 100-SW average 100-seeds weight, A Anthracnose, ALS Angular Leaf Spot, BCMNV Bean Common Mosaic Necrosis Virus, BCMV Bean Common Mosaic Virus, BGMV Bean Golden Mosaic Virus, BGYMV Bean Golden Yellow Mosaic Virus, CBB Common Bacterial Blight, R Rust, WB Web Blight

5.1.2.3 Most Popular Common Bean Varieties in South America, Their Characteristics and Site of Cultivation

Country

Variety name

Characteristics

Site of cultivation

Brazil

BRS Ametista

Tolerant to A, CBB and R. Moderate resistance to Fusarium wilt. 100-SW of 30 g

East and central regions

 

BRS Notável

Resistant to CBB and moderately resistant to A, R, Fusarium wilt and Curtobacterium. 100-SW of 26 g

East and central regions

 

BRSMG Madreperola

Moderate potential resistance to A and ALS. 100-SW of 24.5 g

South-east regions

 

BRS Estilo

Adapted to mechanical harvest. Moderately resistant to A and R. 100-SW of 26 g

South and central regions

 

BRSMG Realce

High productive potential and excellent culinary properties. Tolerant to A, CBB, R, Fusarium wilt and Curtobacterium. 100-SW of 43 g

South-east regions

 

BRS Radiante

Good culinary quality. Tolerant to A, R, ALS, Fusarium wilt and Curtobacterium. 100-SW of 44 g

South-east and central regions

 

BRS Agreste

Adapted to direct mechanized harvesting. Moderate resistant to A and Fusarium wilt. 100-SW of 25 g

East regions

 

BRS Vereda

Uniform coloring and excellent culinary properties. Moderately resistant to A, ALS and Fusarium wilt. 100-SW of 26 g

South regions

 

BRS Pitanga

Excellent culinary properties. Moderate resistance to A, R, ALS and Fusarium wilt. 100-SW of 20 g. Red seeds.

West and central regions

 

BRS Executivo

It is an option for producers interested in Sugar Bean type beans. 100-SW of 76 g

South regions

 

BRS Embaixador

Moderate resistance to A and Fusarium wilt. Grains favored for the national market, providing price advantages and with potential for export. 100-SW of 63 g. Red seeds

South regions

 

Jalo Precoce

Early maturing and tolerant to CBB, R and Fusarium wilt. 100-SW of 35 g. Cream seeds

South-east and central regions

 

BRS Esplendor

Adapted to direct mechanical harvesting. Resistant to CBB and tolerant to A, R and Fusarium wilt and Curtobacterium. 100-SW of 22 g. Black seeds

South-east and central regions

 

BRS Campeiro

Excellent culinary qualities. Adapted to direct mechanized harvest. Tolerant to A, R and Fusarium wilt. 100-SW of 25 g. Black seeds

South-east and central regions

  1. Source: Embrapa (2013)
  2. Note: Due to the special condition explained in Sect. 5.2.2, this appendix contains information about only particular varieties from some African countries, Brazil and Central America illustrating the high genetic diversity available for cultivation and breeding. Furthermore, there are a considerable number of varieties from participatory breeding and thousands of landraces and old cultivars with significant relevance to the food security in the developing world
  3. Key: A Anthracnose, ALS Angular Leaf Spot, CBB Common Bacterial Blight, R Rust, 100-SW Average 100-seeds weight

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Jiménez, O.R. (2019). Common Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) Breeding. In: Al-Khayri, J., Jain, S., Johnson, D. (eds) Advances in Plant Breeding Strategies: Legumes. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-23400-3_5

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