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Italian common bean landraces: diversity and population structure

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Abstract

Phaseolus vulgaris L. is an important species that originated in Mesoamerica. A Mesoamerican and an Andean gene pool are usually distinguished in the domesticated forms. Many bean landraces are still cultivated in Italy and the Department of Applied Biology maintains an ex situ collection of 146 landraces. Although protection schemes are being developed in Italy, most landraces are extinct or at risk of extinction. To facilitate their conservation and use, geographical, morphological, biochemical and molecular (SSR) data were collected and analysed to estimate the diversity and the genetic structure of the collection. Data confirmed that both the Mesoamerican and the Andean gene pools were introduced in Italy and, although a distinction between the two gene pools exists, the Italian landrace diversity is clearly structured in three clusters that are not simply ascribable to the original gene pools. The observed structure appears also to be due to adaptation to the different environmental conditions determined by altitude. This was confirmed by assessing the presence of selective effects for some of the SSR used in this study. Finally, a certain extent of admixture in Italian landrace diversity suggests past (or recurring) hybridisation events among gene pools. The combined use of morphological, biochemical and molecular data clearly distinguished almost all the landraces. The data gathered here can assist landrace in situ protection schemes that are being developed in Italy, be used to register landraces in the European common catalogue of ‘conservation varieties’ for seed commercialisation and contribute to a better use of Italian common bean diversity in breeding for organic and conventional production systems.

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Acknowledgments

L. Raggi and B. Tiranti contributed equally to this work and must be considered first authors. The research leading to these results has in part received funding from the European Community’s Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007–2013) under the grant agreement n. 245058 SOLIBAM. The Authors wish to thank prof. R. Papa (Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy) for kindly providing the Shatterproof sequences and Dr. G. Logozzo (Università degli Studi della Basilicata, Italy) for profiling the phaseolin pattern of this collection. Thanks are also due to the following people for kindly donating landraces of their genebanks and relative information: Prof. S. Lanteri (Università degli Studi di Torino, Italy), Prof. F. Miceli (Università degli Studi di Udine, Italy), Prof. M. Ciaffi (Università degli Studi della Tuscia, Italy), Prof. P. Spagnoletti Zeuli (Università degli Studi della Basilicata, Italy), Ms R. Turchi (Agenzia Regionale per lo Sviluppo e Innovazione nel Settore Agricolo e Forestale, Florence, Italy), Dr. D. D. Silveri, (Agenzia Regionale per i Servizi di Sviluppo Agricolo Abruzzo, Sulmona, Italy). Thanks are also due to Dr. O. Porfiri and all the farmers who donated their landraces.

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  1. Department of Applied Biology, University of Perugia, Borgo XX Giugno 74, 06121, Perugia, Italy

    Lorenzo Raggi, Barbara Tiranti & Valeria Negri

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  1. Lorenzo Raggi
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  2. Barbara Tiranti
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  3. Valeria Negri
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Correspondence to Valeria Negri.

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Raggi, L., Tiranti, B. & Negri, V. Italian common bean landraces: diversity and population structure. Genet Resour Crop Evol 60, 1515–1530 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10722-012-9939-y

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