Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Encapsulation technology for short-term preservation and germplasm distribution of the African mahogany Khaya senegalensis

  • Original Paper
  • Published:
Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture (PCTOC) Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

A protocol was developed for short-term preservation and distribution of the medicinal and timber plantation tree, Khaya senegalensis, using alginate-encapsulated shoot tips. The study assessed the effects of culture medium, storage temperature, auxin concentration and planting substrate on shoot regrowth or conversion into plantlets of four different clones. Optimal shoot growth was obtained, with high frequencies (92–100%) of shoot emergence, on Murashige and Skoog (MS) culture media containing 4.4 μM benzyladenine (BA). Encapsulated shoot tips survived longer at 25°C than at 4°C, with viability of 73–88% after 8 weeks. Conversion into plantlets was achieved on half-strength MS medium by pre-culture treatment of shoot tips with 49–490 μM indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) before encapsulation. Treatment with 245 μM IBA provided 52–98% conversion, and 90–95% of plantlets survived acclimatisation under nursery conditions. To eliminate the in vitro culture step after encapsulation, synthetic seeds were allowed to pre-convert before sowing directly onto a range of ex vitro non-sterile substrates. Highest frequencies of plantlet formation from pre-converted synthetic seeds (42–86%) were obtained by transferring synthetic seeds to organic compost, and these plantlets exhibited almost 100% survival in the nursery without mist irrigation. Pre-conversion is a novel and convenient method for producing synthetic seeds that are suitable for distribution to commercial nurseries.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5

Similar content being viewed by others

Abbreviations

ANOVA:

Analysis of variance

BA:

6-Benzyladenine

IBA:

Indole-3-butyric acid

MS:

Murashige and Skoog

References

  • Ahmad N, Anis M (2010) Direct plant regeneration from encapsulated nodal segments of Vitex negundo. Biol Plant 54:748–752

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ara H, Jaiswal U, Jaiswal VS (2000) Synthetic seed: prospects and limitations. Curr Sci 78:1438–1444

    Google Scholar 

  • Bonga JM, Klimaszewska KK, von Aderkas P (2010) Recalcitrance in clonal propagation, in particular of conifers. Plant Cell Tissue Organ Cult 100:241–254

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Capelo AM, Silva S, Brito G, Santos C (2010) Somatic embryogenesis induction in leaves and petioles of a mature wild olive. Plant Cell Tissue Organ Cult 103:237–242

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chand S, Singh AK (2004) Plant regeneration from encapsulated nodal segments of Dalbergia sissoo Roxb., a timber-yielding leguminous tree species. J Plant Physiol 161:237–243

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Danthu D, Diaité-Sanogo D, Sagna M, Sagna P, Dia-Gassama YK (2003) Micropropagation of Khaya senegalensis, an African mahogany from dry tropical zones. J Trop For Sci 15:164–175

    Google Scholar 

  • Faisal M, Ahmad N, Anis M (2006) In vitro plant regeneration from alginate-encapsulated microcuttings of Rauvolfia tetraphylla L. Am Eur J Agric Environ Sci 1:1–6

    Google Scholar 

  • Gangopadhyay M, Dewanjee S, Chakraborty D, Bhattacharya S (2010) Encapsulation and regeneration of in vitro derived Zephyranthes grandiflora: An effective way for exchange of germplasm. Nat Prod Commun 5:1273–1276

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Germanà MA, Micheli M, Chiancone B, Macaluso L, Standardi A (2011) Organogenesis and encapsulation of in vitro-derived propagules of Carrizo citrange [Citrus sinensis (L.) Osb. × Poncirus trifoliata (L.) Raf]. Plant Cell Tissue Organ Cult 106 (in press)

  • Hazubska-Przybył T, Chmielarz P, Michalak M, Bojarczuk K (2010) Cryopreservation of embryogenic tissues of Picea omorika (Serbian spruce). Plant Cell Tissue Organ Cult 102:35–44

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hung CD, Trueman SJ (2010) Nutrient responses differ between node and organogenic cultures of Corymbia torelliana × C. citriodora (Myrtaceae). Aust J Bot 58:410–419

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hung CD, Trueman SJ (2011a) In vitro propagation of the African mahogany Khaya senegalensis. New For 42:117–130

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hung CD, Trueman SJ (2011b) Topophysic effects differ between node and organogenic cultures of the eucalypt Corymbia torelliana × C. citriodora. Plant Cell Tissue Organ Cult 104:69–77

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ikhlaq M, Hafiz IA, Micheli M, Ahmad T, Abbasi NA, Standardi A (2010) In vitro storage of synthetic seeds: Effect of different storage conditions and intervals on their conversion ability. Afr J Biotechnol 9:5712–5721

    Google Scholar 

  • Kitto SL, Janick J (1982) Polyox as an artificial seed coat for asexual embryos. Hort Sci 17:488

    Google Scholar 

  • Maruyama E, Kinoshita I, Ishii K, Shigenaga H, Ohba K, Saito A (1997) Alginate-encapsulation technology for the propagation of the tropical forest trees: Cedrela odorata L., Guazuma crinita Mart., and Jacaranda mimosaefolia D. Don. Silvae Genet 46:17–23

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Menéndez-Yuffá A, Barry-Etienne D, Bertrand B, Georget F, Etienne H (2010) A comparative analysis of the development and quality of nursery plants derived from somatic embryogenesis and from seedlings for large-scale propagation of coffee (Coffea arabica L.). Plant Cell Tissue Organ Cult 102:297–307

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ming-Hua Y, Sen-Rong H (2010) A simple cryopreservation protocol of Dioscorea bulbifera L. embryogenic calli by encapsulation-vitrification. Plant Cell Tissue Organ Cult 101:349–358

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mishra J, Singh M, Palni LMS, Nandi SK (2011) Assessment of genetic fidelity of encapsulated microshoots of Picrorhiza kurrooa. Plant Cell Tissue Organ Cult 104:181–186

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mohanraj R, Ananthan R, Bai VN (2009) Production and storage of synthetic seeds in Coelogyne breviscapa Lindl. Asian J Biotechnol 1:124–128

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Naik SK, Chand PK (2006) Nutrient-alginate encapsulation of in vitro nodal segments of pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) for germplasm distribution and exchange. Sci Hortic 108:247–252

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nikles DG, Bevege DI, Dickinson GR, Griffiths MW, Reilly DF, Lee DJ (2008) Developing African mahogany (Khaya senegalensis) germplasm and its management for a sustainable forest plantation industry in northern Australia: progress and needs. Aust For 71:33–47

    Google Scholar 

  • Nunes EC, Benson EE, Oltramari AC, Araujo PS, Moser JR, Viana AM (2003) In vitro conservation of Cedrela fissilis Vellozo (Meliaceae), a native tree of the Brazilian Atlantic forest. Biodiv Conserv 12:837–848

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Nunes EC, Laudano WLS, Moreno FN, De Castilho CV, Mioto P, Sampaio FL, Bortoluzi JH, Benson EE, Pizolatti MG, Carasek E, Viana AM (2007) Micropropagation of Cedrela fissilis Vell. (Meliaceae). In: Jain SM, Häggman H (eds) Protocols for micropropagation of woody trees and fruits. Springer, The Netherlands, pp 221–235

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Ofori DA, Opuni-Frimpong E, Cobbinah JR (2007) Provenance variation in Khaya species for growth and resistance to shoot borer Hypsipyla robusta. For Ecol Manag 242:438–443

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Opuni-Frimpong E, Karnosky DF, Storer AJ, Cobbinah JR (2008) Silvicultural systems for plantation mahogany in Africa: Influences of canopy shade on tree growth and pest damage. For Ecol Manag 255:328–333

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Parimalan R, Venugopalan A, Giridhar P, Ravishankar GA (2011) Somatic embryogenesis and Agrobacterium-mediated transformation in Bixa orellana L. Plant Cell Tissue Organ Cult 105:317–328

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Park S-Y, Cho H-M, Moon H-K, Kim Y-K, Paek K-Y (2011) Genotypic variation and aging effects on the embryogenic capability of Kalopanax septemlobus. Plant Cell Tissue Organ Cult 105:265–270

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pattnaik S, Chand PK (2000) Morphogenic response of the alginate-encapsulated axillary buds from in vitro shoot cultures of six mulberries. Plant Cell Tissue Organ Cult 60:177–185

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Paul S, Dam A, Bhattacharyya A, Bandyopadhyay TK (2011) An efficient regeneration system via direct and indirect somatic embryogenesis for the medicinal tree Murraya koenigii. Plant Cell Tissue Organ Cult 105:271–283

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Peña-Ramírez YJ, García-Sheseña I, Hernández-Espinoza Á, Domínguez-Hernández A, Barredo-Pool FA, González-Rodríguez JA, Robert ML (2011) Induction of somatic embryogenesis and plant regeneration in the tropical timber tree Spanish red cedar [Cedrela odorata L. (Meliaceae)]. Plant Cell Tissue Organ Cult 105:203–209

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Piccioni E (1997) Plantlets from encapsulated micropropagated buds of M.26 apple rootstock. Plant Cell Tissue Organ Cult 47:255–260

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Prakash MG, Gurumurthi K (2010) Effects of type of explant and age, plant growth regulators and medium strength on somatic embryogenesis and plant regeneration in Eucalyptus camaldulensis. Plant Cell Tissue Organ Cult 100:13–20

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rai MK, Jaiswal VS, Jaiswal U (2008) Encapsulation of shoot tips of guava (Psidium guajava L.) for short-term storage and germplasm exchange. Sci Hortic 118:33–38

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rai MK, Asthana P, Singh SK, Jaiswal VS, Jaiswal U (2009) The encapsulation technology in fruit plants—a review. Biotechnol Adv 27:671–679

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Redenbaugh K, Paasch BD, Nichol JW, Kossler ME, Viss PR, Walker KA (1986) Somatic seeds: encapsulation of asexual plant embryos. Nat Biotechnol 4:797–801

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Saiprasad GVS, Polisetty R (2003) Propagation of three orchid genera using encapsulated protocorm-like bodies. In Vitro Cell Dev Plant 39:42–48

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Scocchi A, Faloci M, Medina R, Olmos S, Mroginski L (2004) Plant recovery of cryopreserved apical meristem-tips of Melia azedarach L. using encapsulation/dehydration and assessment of their genetic stability. Euphytica 135:29–38

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Singh AK, Varshney R, Sharma M, Agarwal SS, Bansal KC (2006) Regeneration of plants from alginate-encapsulated shoot tips of Withania somnifera (L.) Dunal, a medicinally important plant species. J Plant Physiol 163:220–223

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Singh SK, Rai MK, Asthana P, Sahoo L (2010) Alginate-encapsulation of nodal segments for propagation, short-term conservation and germplasm exchange and distribution of Eclipta alba (L.). Acta Physiol Plant 32:607–610

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Soneji JR, Rao PS, Mhatre M (2002) Germination of synthetic seeds of pineapple (Ananas comosus L. Merr.). Plant Cell Rep 20:891–894

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Standardi A, Piccioni E (1998) Recent perspectives on synthetic seed technology using non-embryogenic in vitro-derived explants. Int J Plant Sci 159:968–978

    Google Scholar 

  • Styles BT (1981) Swietenioideae. In: Pennington TD, Styles BT, Taylor DAH (eds) Meliaceae (Flora neotropica monograph, no 28). New York Botanical Garden, New York, pp 359–418

    Google Scholar 

  • Sundararaj SG, Agrawal A, Tyagi RK (2010) Encapsulation for in vitro short-term storage and exchange of ginger (Zingiber officinale Rosc.) germplasm. Sci Hortic 125:761–766

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Trueman SJ (2006) Clonal propagation and storage of subtropical pines in Queensland, Australia. South Afr For J 208:49–52

    Google Scholar 

  • Watt MP, Thokoane NL, Mycock D, Blakeway F (2000) In vitro storage of Eucalyptus grandis germplasm under minimal growth conditions. Plant Cell Tissue Organ Cult 61:161–164

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wen B, Wang R (2010) Pretreatment incubation for culture and cryopreservation of Sabal embryos. Plant Cell Tissue Organ Cult 102:237–243

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • West TP, Preece JE (2009) Bulk alginate encapsulation of Hibiscus moscheutos nodal segments. Plant Cell Tissue Organ Cult 97:345–351

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

We thank Geoff Dickinson (Agri-Science Queensland) for providing seeds and Bruce Randall for critical reading of the manuscript. The project was funded by the Queensland National and International Research Alliances Program and supported by a postgraduate scholarship to CDH from the Vietnam Ministry of Education and Training (MoET).

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Faculty of Science, Health and Education, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore DC, QLD, 4558, Australia

    Cao Dinh Hung

  2. Agri-Science Queensland, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore DC, QLD, 4558, Australia

    Stephen J. Trueman

Authors
  1. Cao Dinh Hung
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Stephen J. Trueman
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Cao Dinh Hung.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Hung, C.D., Trueman, S.J. Encapsulation technology for short-term preservation and germplasm distribution of the African mahogany Khaya senegalensis . Plant Cell Tiss Organ Cult 107, 397–405 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11240-011-9990-y

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11240-011-9990-y

Keywords

Search

Navigation