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Metabolomics insights into the mechanism by which Epichloë gansuensis endophyte increased Achnatherum inebrians tolerance to low nitrogen stress

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Abstract

Background and aim

Epichloë gansuensis increases the tolerance of host plants to abiotic stress. However, little is known about the mechanism by which E. gansuensis improves grass growth under low nitrogen availability stress.

Methods

Achnatherum inebrians with E. gansuensis (E+) and without E. gansuensis (E-) were treated with modified 1/2 Hoagland containing 0.01 mM (low N) or 7.5 mM N (normal level) for 18 weeks. After 18 weeks of treatment with N, the dry weight of E+ and E- plants were measured, and the metabolomics analysis of leaves and roots grown under two different N concentrations was conducted with GS-MS to determine differential metabolites and metabolic pathways.

Result

E+ A. inebrians had higher dry weight of leaves and roots compared to the E- A. inebrians under low N stress. E. gansuensis increased the tolerance of A. inebrians to low N stress by its capability to increase the content of organic acids (salicylic acid and 3-hydroxypropionic acid) and glucose-6-phosphate in leaves, and E. gansuensis increased the content of fatty acids (linolenic acid and oleic acid) and amino acids (glycine and 4-aminobutyric acid) in roots under low N stress. Finally, E. gansuensis reprogramed the metabolic pathway of amino acids of host grasses to adapt to the different N concentration.

Conclusion

Our results reveal the chemical mechanism by which E. gansuensis enhances the tolerance of host grasses to low N, and provide the theoretical basis for utilizing E. gansuensis, improving of grasses and crops, and for developing new germplasm for low-N tolerant grasses.

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Acknowledgments

We wish to thank Shengwang Wang for help during the preliminary stages of this project. This research was financially supported by Program for Changjiang Scholars and innovative Research Team in University (IRT_17R50), the Joint Fund of the Natural Science Foundation of China and the Karst Science Research Center of Guizhou Province (Grant No. U1812401), the Natural Science Foundation of China (32001399), Lanzhou University “Double First-Class” guiding special project-team construction fund-scientific research start-up fee standard (561119206), Technical service agreement on research and development of beneficial microbial agents for Alpine Rhododendron (071200001), Guizhou Science and Technology Planning Project (Qiankehe[2019]2854).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, Center for Grassland Microbiome, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Engineering Research Center of Grassland Industry, Ministry of Education, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China

    Wenpeng Hou, Jianfeng Wang, Jie Liu, Yinglong Liu & Chen Cheng

  2. Retired scientist of AgResearch, Grasslands Research Centre, Private Bag 11-008, Palmerston North, 4442, New Zealand

    Michael J. Christensen

  3. Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Agroecological Processing and Safety Monitoring, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, 350002, Fuzhou, China

    Yongqiang Zhang

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  1. Wenpeng Hou
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Designed research: Jianfeng Wang, Wenpeng Hou. Performed research: Jianfeng Wang, Wenpeng Hou. Analyzed data: Jianfeng Wang, Jie Liu, Chen Cheng. Wrote the paper: Jianfeng Wang, Wenpeng Hou, Michael J. Christensen, Yongqiang Zhang, Yinglong Liu. The author(s) read and approved the final manuscript.

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Hou, W., Wang, J., Christensen, M.J. et al. Metabolomics insights into the mechanism by which Epichloë gansuensis endophyte increased Achnatherum inebrians tolerance to low nitrogen stress. Plant Soil 463, 487–508 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-021-04930-z

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