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Biolarvicidal and pupicidal potential of silver nanoparticles synthesized using Euphorbia hirta against Anopheles stephensi Liston (Diptera: Culicidae)

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Abstract

Vector control is a critical requirement in epidemic disease situations, as is an urgent need to develop new and improved mosquito control methods that are economical and effective yet safe for nontarget organisms and the environment. Mosquitoes transmit serious human diseases, causing millions of deaths every year. Use of synthetic insecticides to control vector mosquitoes has caused physiological resistance and adverse environmental effects in addition to high operational cost. Insecticides of synthesized natural products for vector control have been a priority in this area. In the present study, activity of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) synthesized using Euphorbia hirta (E. hirta) plant leaf extract against malarial vector Anopheles stephensi (A. stephensi) was determined. Range of concentrations of synthesized AgNPs (3.125, 6.25, 12.5, 25, and 50 ppm) and methanol crude extract (50, 100, 150, 200, and 250 ppm) were tested against larvae of A. stephensi. The synthesized AgNPs from E. hirta were highly toxic than methanolic crude extract against malarial vector, A. stephensi. The synthesized AgNPs were characterized by UV-vis spectrum, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X-ray diffraction. SEM analyses of the synthesized showed that AgNPs, measuring 30–60 nm in size, were clearly distinguishable. The synthesized AgNPs showed larvicidal effects after 24 h of exposure; however, the highest larval mortality was found in the synthesized AgNPs against the first to fourth instar larvae and pupae of values LC50 (10.14, 16.82, 21.51, and 27.89 ppm, respectively), LC90 (31.98, 50.38, 60.09, and 69.94 ppm, respectively), and the LC50 and LC90 values of pupae of 34.52 and 79.76 ppm, respectively. Methanol extract exhibited the larval toxicity against the first to fourth instar larvae and pupae of values LC50 (121.51, 145.40, 169.11, and 197.40 ppm, respectively), LC90 (236.44, 293.75, 331.42, and 371.34 ppm, respectively), and the LC50 and LC90 values of pupae of 219.15 and 396.70 ppm, respectively. No mortality was observed in the control. These results suggest that synthesized silver nanoparticles are a rapid, eco-friendly, and single-step approach; the AgNPs formed can be potential mosquito larvicidal agents.

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Acknowledgments

The authors are thankful to Dr. K. Sasikala, Professor and Head of the Department of Zoology, Bharathiar University for the laboratory facilities provided.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Division of Entomology, Department of Zoology, School of Life Sciences, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, 641 046, Tamil Nadu, India

    Karthikeyan Agalya Priyadarshini, Kadarkarai Murugan & Sekar Ponarulselvam

  2. DRDO-BU Center for Life Sciences, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, 641 046, Tamil Nadu, India

    Chellasamy Panneerselvam

  3. Institute of Marine Biology, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, – 20224, Taiwan

    Jiang-Shiou Hwang

  4. Dipartimento di Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Università La Sapienza, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy

    Marcello Nicoletti

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  1. Karthikeyan Agalya Priyadarshini
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  2. Kadarkarai Murugan
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  3. Chellasamy Panneerselvam
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  4. Sekar Ponarulselvam
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  5. Jiang-Shiou Hwang
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  6. Marcello Nicoletti
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Correspondence to Chellasamy Panneerselvam.

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Agalya Priyadarshini, K., Murugan, K., Panneerselvam, C. et al. Biolarvicidal and pupicidal potential of silver nanoparticles synthesized using Euphorbia hirta against Anopheles stephensi Liston (Diptera: Culicidae). Parasitol Res 111, 997–1006 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00436-012-2924-8

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