Abstract
Cytochrome P450, CYP93A1, is involved in the synthesis of the phytoalexin glyceollin in soybean (Glycine max L. Merr). The gene encoding CYP93A1 has been used as defense marker in soybean cell cultures, however, little is known regarding how this gene is expressed in the intact plant. To further understand the tissue-specific role of CYP93A1 in soybean defense, we analyzed the expression of this gene in mechanically damaged leaves and stems. In leaves, CYP93A1 was constitutively expressed; its expression did not change in response to mechanical damage. In stems, however, expression of CYP93A1 was induced as quickly as 4 h after mechanical damage and remained upregulated for at least 48 h. The induction of CYP93A1 was associated with the synthesis of glyceollins. In comparison to several other defense-related genes encoding cysteine protease inhibitors L1 and R1 and storage proteins vspA and vspB, CYP93A1 was the most strongly induced by stem wounding. The induction of CYP93A1 was observed only locally, not systemically. Similar stem expression patterns were consistently observed among three different soybean genotypes. The strong induction of CYP93A1 in mechanically damaged stems suggests an important role in the soybean stem defense response; therefore, this study expands the use of CYP93A1 as a defense response marker to stems, not just soybean cell cultures.
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Abbreviations
- CystPI:
-
cysteine proteinase inhibitor
- CYP:
-
cytochrome P450
- ELF1B:
-
translational elongation factor 1 subunit beta
- JA:
-
jasmonic acid
- qPCR:
-
quantitative PCR
- UKN1:
-
unknown 1
- VSP:
-
vegetative storage protein
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Acknowledgements: We gratefully acknowledge the support of Slippery Rock University in the form of Student Research Grants (to NJD), a Grant for Student Research Project (to AJK), and a Summer Undergraduate Research Experience in STEM (AJK). The mention of trade names or commercial products in this publication is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the U.S. Department of Agriculture. USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer.
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Kinzler, A.J., Prokopiak, Z.A., Vaughan, M.M. et al. Cytochrome P450, CYP93A1, as defense marker in soybean. Biol Plant 60, 724–730 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10535-016-0629-z
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10535-016-0629-z