Abstract
Oxidative stress is one of the main mechanisms of metal toxicity, both at the nano and non-nanoscale forms. Thus, several molecular and biochemical parameters related with the antioxidant (AOX) stress responses or resulting cellular damages could be extremely useful as early warning indicators of the phytotoxicity of nanomaterials (NMs). Within this context, this chapter aimed at compiling all the data regarding the oxidative stress-induced responses of plants to the most used metal-based NMs and to perceive if the existing data could be used for risk assessment purposes. The available data showed that the plant AOX defense system is responsive to NM, at least when plants are exposed at given concentrations; however, the interplay between different enzymes and AOX metabolites is quite variable between species and exposure conditions. More concerning is the usefulness of available data for risk assessment purposes, due to the great variability of NMs tested (e.g., different sizes), exposure procedures, and duration and experimental designs established, which make ecotoxicological data for each NM almost unique. Despite that, and using a deterministic approach based on assessment factors, a generic predicted no-effect concentration (PNEC) value < 10 mg kg−1 of soil is suggested for oxidative stress in plants (taking lipid peroxidation as endpoint) caused by the metal-based NM addressed in this chapter. Nevertheless, a systematic approach is urgently needed to collect ecotoxicological data for reducing the uncertainty of this former risk limit proposed. The link between oxidative stress in plants and effects at the individual, population, and community levels also needs to be addressed in future studies.
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Soares, C., Pereira, R., Fidalgo, F. (2018). Metal-Based Nanomaterials and Oxidative Stress in Plants: Current Aspects and Overview. In: Faisal, M., Saquib, Q., Alatar, A., Al-Khedhairy, A. (eds) Phytotoxicity of Nanoparticles. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-76708-6_8
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