Abstract
With the rapid developing of industry and agriculture, heavy metal pollution in environment has been both serious and widespread worldwide. To cope with adverse environmental heavy metal toxicity, plants have evolved a variety of adaptive responses, which include immobilization, exclusion, chelation, and compartmentalization of metal ions and often involve metal-binding ligands. Particularly, phytochelatins (PCs), a family of peptides, have been regarded as the best-characterized heavy metal chelators especially in detoxication of heavy metals such as cadmium (Cd) in plants and some microorganisms. Generally, PCs have the general structure (Ī³-Glu-Cys) n -Gly (nā=ā2ā11) and are produced by the enzyme phytochelatin synthases, which can bind to various metals including Cd, As Cu, or Zn. In this chapter, we focused on the biosynthesis and function of PCs and the role of PCs in metal detoxification and tolerance. Finally, the molecular biology of PCs has been briefly reviewed.
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Acknowledgments
This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (41471411, 21107052, 31270540, 31070455, and 40971184). The authors would also like to thank the Open Fund of Key Laboratory of Contaminated Environment Control and Regional Ecology Safety (grant No. SYU-KF-L-03) & Open Fund of Key Laboratory of Regional Environment Eco-remediation, Education Ministry (grant No. SYU-KF-E-03) for a partial support.
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Liu, W., Zhang, X., Liang, L., Chen, C., Wei, S., Zhou, Q. (2015). Phytochelatin and Oxidative Stress Under Heavy Metal Stress Tolerance in Plants. In: Gupta, D., Palma, J., Corpas, F. (eds) Reactive Oxygen Species and Oxidative Damage in Plants Under Stress. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-20421-5_8
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