Skip to main content

Advancement in Encapsulation Techniques for Conservation of Climbers

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Biotechnological strategies for the conservation of medicinal and ornamental climbers
  • 908 Accesses

Abstract

Encapsulation technology has recently revolutionized the production and conservation programme of elite and threatened germplasm throughout the globe. This technology has made the exchange programme possible between different laboratories at an ease. Synthetic seed production not only scaled up extensive and commercial production of plants but also has economized the requirements of space and time. Synseed technology has been utilized for commercial and industrial production of different agricultural, ornamental, medicinal and woody climbers. The present chapter deals with studies on synthetic seed production and conservation of some important woody climbers, viz. Tylophora indica, Ceropegia bulbosa, Dioscorea bulbifera, Clitoria ternatea, Mondia whitei, Decalepis hamiltonii and Caesalpinia bonduc.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 129.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  • Adang AE, Hermkens PH (2001) The contribution of combinatorial approaches to lead generation: an interim analysis. Curr Med Chem 8:985–998

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Adesina SK (1995) Studies on some plants used as anticonvulsant in Amerindian and African traditional medicine. Fitoterapia 53:147–162

    Google Scholar 

  • Anonymous (1976) The wealth of India. In: Raw materials, vol I. Publications and Information Directorate, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, New Delhi

    Google Scholar 

  • Anonymous (2003) The wealth of India: a dictionary of Indian raw materials and industrial products, vol 3. CSIR, New Delhi, p 24

    Google Scholar 

  • Aronen TS, Krajnakova J, Haggman HM, Ryynanen LA (1999) Genetic fidelity of cryopreserved embryogenic cultures of open-pollinated Abies cephalonica. Plant Sci 142:163–172

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ashmore SE (1997) Current in vitro conservation techniques. In: Engelmann F (ed) Status report on the development and application of in vitro techniques for the conservation and use of plant genetic resources. IPGRI, Rome, pp 5–18

    Google Scholar 

  • Baskaran P, Kumari A, Staden JV (2014) Embryogenesis and synthetic seed production in Mondia whitei. Plant Cell Tiss Organ Cult. doi:10.1007/s11240-014-0695-x

    Google Scholar 

  • Bekheet SA, Taha HS, Saker MM, Solliman ME (2007) Application of cryopreservation technique for in vitro grown date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) cultures. J Appl Sci Res 3:853–866

    Google Scholar 

  • Bornman CH (1993) Maturation of somatic embryos. In: Redenbaugh K (ed) Synseeds: application of synthetic seeds to crop improvement. CRC Press, Boca Raton, pp 105–114

    Google Scholar 

  • Brischia R, Piccioni E, Standardi A (2002) Micropropagation and synthetic seed in M.26 apple rootstock (II): a new protocol for production of encapsulated differentiating propagules. Plant Cell Tiss Org Cult 68:137–141

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bunel V, Hamel M, Duez P, Stevigny C (2014) Artifactual generation of an alkaloid in the course of Mondia whitei (Hook.f.) Skeels roots extraction: a clue to endogenous-formed bioactive compounds? Phytochem Lett 10:101–106

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Castillo B, Smith MAL, Yadava UL (1998) Plant regeneration from encapsulated somatic embryos of Carica papaya L. Plant Cell Rep 17:172–176

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chandel KPS, Chaudhury R (1995) Desiccation and freezing sensitivity in recalcitrant seeds of tea, cocoa and jackfruit. Ann Bot 76:443–450

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cheruvathur MK, Britto J, Thomas TD (2012) Pulvinus: an ideal explant for plant regeneration in Caesalpinia bonduc (L.) Roxb., an important ethnomedicinal woody climber. Acta Physiol Plant 34:693–699

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cheruvathur MK, Kumar GK, Thomas TD (2013) Somatic embryogenesis and synthetic seed production in Rhinacanthus nasutus (L.) Kurz. Plant Cell Tissue Organ Cult 113:63–71

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chopra RN, Nayer SL, Chopra IC (1956) Glossary of Indian medicinal plants. Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, New Delhi, p 43

    Google Scholar 

  • Clark DE, Pickett SD (2000) Computational methods for the prediction of drug-likeness. Drug Discov Today 5:49–58

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Davendra BN, Srinivas N, Naik GR (2011) Direct somatic embryogenesis and synthetic seed production from Tylophora indica (Burm. f.) Merrill an endangered, medicinally important plant. Int J Bot 7:216–222

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dehmer K (2005) Identification of genetic diversity as a precondition of efficient preservation in genebanks. Schr Genet Resour 24:1–6

    Google Scholar 

  • Dhar ML, Dhar MM, Dhawan BN, Mehrotra BN, Roy C (1968) Screening of Indian plants for biological activity. Indian J Exp Biol 6:232–247

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Dhir R, Shekhawat GS (2013) Production, storability and morphogenic response of alginate encapsulated axillary meristems and genetic fidelity evaluation of in vitro regenerated Ceropegia bulbosa: a pharmaceutically important threatened plant species. Ind Crop Prod 47:139–144

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Faisal M, Anis A (2007) Regeneration of plants from alginate-encapsulated shoots of Tylophora indica (Burm. f.) Merrill, an endangered medicinal plant. J Hortic Sci Biotechnol 82:351–354

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fowke LC, Attree SM, Pometry MK (1994) Production of vigorous desiccation-tolerant white spruce (Picea glauca {Moench} Voss.) synthetic seeds in a bioreactor. Plant Cell Rep 13:601–606

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ganapathi TR, Srinivas I, Suprasanna P, Bapat VA (2001) Regeneration of plants from alginate-encapsulated somatic embryos of banana cv. Rasthali (Musa spp. AAB group). Biol Plant 37:178–181

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gayaraja S, Shinde S, Agarwal SL (1978) Antiasthmatic properties of Caesalpinia bonduc leaves. Indian J Pharm 10:86–89

    Google Scholar 

  • Gelfand M, Mavi S, Drummond RB, Ndemera B (1985) The traditional medical practitioner in Zimbabwe. Mambo Press, Gweru, p 411

    Google Scholar 

  • Gerstner J (1941) A preliminary check list of Zulu names of plants with short notes. Bantu Stud 13:277–301

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ghosh B, Sen S (1994) Plant regeneration from alginate encapsulated somatic embryos of Asparagus cooperi Barker. Plant Cell Rep 13:381–385

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Gopalakrishnan C, Shankaranarayan D, Nazimudeen SK, Kameshwaran L (1980) Effect of tylophorine; a major alkaloid of Tylophora indica, on immunopathological and inflammatory reactions. Indian J Med Res 71:940–948

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hao YJ, Deng XX (2003) Genetically stable regeneration of apple plants from slow growth. Plant Cell Tiss Org Cult 72:253–260

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Harish R, Shivanandappa T (2010) Hepatoprotective potential of Decalepis hamiltonii (Wight and Arn) against carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatic damage in rats. J Pharm Bioallied Sci 2:341–345

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Hirai D, Sakai A (2000) Cryopreservation of in vitro-grown meristems of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) by encapsulation verification. In: Engelmann F, Takagi H (eds) Cryopreservation of tropical plant germplasm, current research progress and application. JIRCAS-IPGRI, Rome, pp 205–211

    Google Scholar 

  • Jain SK, Defillips R (1991) Asclepidaceae. In: Algonae MI (ed) Medicinal plants of India. Reference Publications, Michigan, pp 144–152

    Google Scholar 

  • Jain NN, Ohal CC, Shroff SK, Bhutada RH, Somani RS, Kasture VS, Kasture SB (2003) Clitoria ternatea and the CNS. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 75:529–536

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Jana S, Shekhawat GS (2011) Plant growth regulators, adenine sulfate and carbohydrates regulate organogenesis and in vitro flowering of Anethum graveolens. Acta Physiol Plant 33:305–311

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Janeiro LV, Ballester A, Vieitez AM (1997) In vitro response of encapsulated somatic embryos of camellia. Plant Cell Tissue Organ Cult 51:119–126

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kirtikar KR, Basu BD (1975) Indian medicinal plants, vol 3. Singh BSMP, Dehradun

    Google Scholar 

  • Kitto SL, Janick J (1982) Polyox as an artificial seed coat for a sexual embryos. Hortic Sci 17:448

    Google Scholar 

  • Kokwaro JO (1976) Medicinal plants of East Africa. African Literature Bureau, Nairobi, p 384

    Google Scholar 

  • Kulkarni C, Pattanshetty JR, Amruthraj G (1988) Effect of alcoholic extract of Clitoria ternatea Linn. On central nervous system in rodents. Ind J Exp Biol 26:957–960

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kumar GK, Thomas TD (2012) High frequency somatic embryogenesis and synthetic seed production in Clitoria ternatea Linn. Plant Cell Tissue Organ Cult 110:141–151

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lata H, Chandra S, Khan IA, ElSohly MA (2009) Propagation through alginate encapsulation of axillary buds of Cannabis sativa L. – an important medicinal plant. Physiol Mol Biol Plant 15:972–977

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mabberley DJ (1987) The plant book. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge

    Google Scholar 

  • Mathur J, Ahuja PS, Lal N, Mathur AK (1989) Propagation of Valeriana wallichii DC using encapsulated apical and axial shoot buds. Plant Sci 60:111–116

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mathur S, Shekhawat GS, Batra A (2002a) Micropropagation of Salvadora persica via cotyledonary nodes. J Biotechnol 1:197–200

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mathur S, Shekhawat GS, Batra A (2002b) An efficient in vitro method for mass propagation of Salvadora persica via apical meristems. J Biochem Biotechnol 11:125–127

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Michael Gomez SM, Kalamani A (2003) Butterfly pea (Clitoria ternatea L.): a nutritive multipurpose forage legume for the tropics: an overview. Pak J Nutr 2:374–379

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Micheli M, Hafiz IA, Standardi A (2007) Encapsulation of in vitro-derived explants of olive (Olea europaea L. cv. Moraiolo). II. Effects of storage on capsule and derived shoots performance. Sci Hortic 113:286–292

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mulchandani NB, Iyer SS, Badheka LP (1971) Structure of tylophorinidine: a new potential anti tumor alkaloid from Tylophora indica. Chem Ind 19:505–506

    Google Scholar 

  • Murashige T, Skoog F (1962) A revised medium for rapid growth and bioassays with tobacco tissue cultures. Physiol Plant 15:473–497

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Muthiah JVL, Shunmugiah KP, Manikandan R (2013) Genetic fidelity assessment of encapsulated in vitro tissues of Bacopa monnieri after 6 months of storage by using ISSR and RAPD markers. Turk J Bot 37:1008–1017

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nandkarni AK (1976) Indian materia medica. Popular Prakashan, Bombay, p 226

    Google Scholar 

  • Narula A, Kumar S, Srivastava PS (2007) Genetic fidelity of in vitro regenerants, encapsulation of shoot tips and high diosgenin content in Dioscorea bulbifera L., a potential alternative source of diosgenin. Biotechnol Lett 29:623–629

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Naveen S, Khanum F (2010) Antidiabetic, antiatherosclerotic and hepatoprotective properties of Decalepis hamiltonii in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. J Food Biochem 34:1231–1248

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Neogi NC, Nayak KP (1958) Biological investigation of Caesalpinia bonducella F. Indian J Pharm 20:95–100

    Google Scholar 

  • Noumi E, Amvam ZPH, Lontsi D (1998) Aphrodisiac plants used in Cameroon. Fitoterapia 69:125–134

    Google Scholar 

  • Nyende AB, Schittenhelm S, Wagner GM, Greef JM (2003) Production, storability and regeneration of shoot tip of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) encapsulated in calcium alginate hollow beads. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Plant 39:540–544

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Parimaladevi B, Boominathan R, Mandal SC (2003) Anti-inflammatory, analgesic and antipyretic properties of Clitoria ternatea root. Fitoterapia 74:345–349

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pattnaik S, Chand PK (2000) Morphogenic response of the alginate encapsulated axillary buds from in vitro shoot cultures of six mulberries. Plant Cell Tiss Org Cult 64:177–185

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Piccioni E, Standardi A (1995) Encapsulation of micropropagated buds of six woody species. Plant Cell Tiss Org Cult 42:221–226

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rai MK, Asthana P, Singh SK, Jaiswal VS, Jaiswal U (2009) The encapsulation technology in fruit plants – a review. Biotechnol Adv 27:671–679

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Raskin I, Ribnicky DM, Komarnytsky S, Ilic N, Poulev A, Borisjuk N, Brinker A, Moreno DA, Ripoll C, Yakoby N, O’Neal JM, Cornwell T, Pastor I, Fridlender B (2002) Plants and human health in the twenty-first century. Trends Biotechnol 20:522–531

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Redenbaugh K (1993) Synseeds: application of synthetic seeds for crop improvement. CRC Press, Boca Raton

    Google Scholar 

  • SANBI (2013) Statistics: red list of South African plants version 2013.1. http://redlist.sanbi.org/stats.php

  • Satyavati GV, Raina MK, Sharma M (1956) Medicinal plants of India, vol 1. Indian Council of Medical Research, New Delhi, p 159

    Google Scholar 

  • Schreiber SL (2000) Target-oriented and diversity-oriented organic synthesis in drug discovery. Science 287:1964–1969

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Shaheen A, Shahzad A (2015) Nutrient encapsulation of nodal segments of an endangered white cedar for studies of regrowth, short term conservation and ethylene inhibitors influenced ex vitro rooting. Ind Crops Prod 69:204–211

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sharma S, Shahzad A (2012) Encapsulation technology for short-term storage and conservation of a woody climber, Decalepis hamiltonii Wight and Arn. Plant Cell Tissue Organ Cult 111:191–198

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sharma TR, Singh BM, Chauhan RS (1994) Production of disease free encapsulated buds of Zingiber officinale Rose. Plant Cell Rep 13:300–302

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Sharma S, Shahzad A, Teixeira da Silva JA (2013) Synseed technology – a complete synthesis. Biotechnol Adv 31:186–207

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Shekhawat GS, Batra A, Mathur S (2002) A reliable in vitro protocol for rapid mass propagation of Azadirachta indica Juss. J Plant Biol 29:109–112

    Google Scholar 

  • Sivarajan VV, Balachandran I (1994) Ayurvedic drugs and their plant sources, vol 97, Oxford IBH, New Delhi, pp 289–290

    Google Scholar 

  • Taranalli AD, Cheeramkuzhy TC (2003) Influence of Clitoria ternatea extracts on memory and cerebro cholinergic activity in rats. Pharm Biol 38:51–56

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Utomo HS, Wenefrida I, Meche MM, Nash JL (2008) Synthetic seed as a potential direct delivery system of mass produced somatic embryos in the coastal marsh plant smooth cordgrass (Spartina alterniflora). Plant Cell Tissue Organ Cult 92:281–291

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Vines G (2004) Herbal harvests with a future: towards sustainable sources for medicinal plants, Plantlife International, www.plantlife.org.uk

  • Yoganarasimhan SN (2000) Medicinal plants of India, vol 2, Interline Publishing, Bangalore, pp 146–147

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgement

The authors are grateful to UGC (University Grants Commission) Major Research Project Vide. No. 39-369/2010(SR) for providing financial assistance.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Anwar Shahzad .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2016 Springer International Publishing Switzerland

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Shaheen, A., Shahzad, A. (2016). Advancement in Encapsulation Techniques for Conservation of Climbers. In: Shahzad, A., Sharma, S., Siddiqui, S. (eds) Biotechnological strategies for the conservation of medicinal and ornamental climbers. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-19288-8_11

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics