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Applied Aspects of Calcium Phosphate Bone Cement Application

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Biomaterials Engineering and Devices: Human Applications

Abstract

Calcium phosphate bone cements (CPBCs) consist of a powder and an aqueous liquid, which are mixed to form a paste that sets at room or body temperature under the formation of a precipitate that contains at least one calcium phosphate (CaP) (1–4). In the system, Ca(OH)2-H3PO4-H2O, a limited number of CaPs can precipitate (5,6; Table 1). Among these CaPs, monocalcium phosphate monohydrate precipitates only from very acidic aqueous solutions, which are for that reason cytotoxic. Moreover, octacalcium phosphate precipitates only after very long induction times, which are impractical to form CPBCs. The composition of the apatite can vary continuously from CDHA to hydroxyapatite (HA), so that no definite border between the pH ranges exists at which a Ca-deficient or stoichiometric apatite precipitates. If the system contains also Na+ and/or Co 2−3 ions, these ions will be incorporated at least partially into the apatite precipitate Finally, there is no easy way to distinguish between amorphous calcium phosphate (ACP) I and ACP II. For these reasons, the CPBCs known are of the brushite type, the apatite type, or the ACP type.

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Authors
  1. F. C. M. Driessens
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  2. M. G. Boltong
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  3. I. Khaϊroun
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  4. E. A. P. De Maeyer
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  5. M. P. Ginebra
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  6. R. Wenz
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  7. J. A. Planell
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  8. R. M. H. Verbeeck
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Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA

    Donald L. Wise PhD

  2. Cambridge Scientific, Inc., Cambridge, MA, USA

    Debra J. Trantolo PhD , Joseph D. Gresser PhD  & Mario V. Cattaneo PhD ,  & 

  3. Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA

    Kai-Uwe Lewandrowski MD

  4. Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA

    Michael J. Yaszemski MD, PhD

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Driessens, F.C.M. et al. (2000). Applied Aspects of Calcium Phosphate Bone Cement Application. In: Wise, D.L., Trantolo, D.J., Lewandrowski, KU., Gresser, J.D., Cattaneo, M.V., Yaszemski, M.J. (eds) Biomaterials Engineering and Devices: Human Applications . Humana Press, Totowa, NJ. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-59259-197-8_15

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-59259-197-8_15

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