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Animal cellulases with a focus on aquatic invertebrates

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Abstract

Cellulose is utilized as a nutritional source by various organisms. For a long time it was believed that only protozoa, bacteria, and fungi, in addition to plants and photosynthetic bacteria, are able to synthesize cellulases encoded by their own genes. However, the widespread distribution of cellulases throughout the animal kingdom has recently been recognized. Conventionally, animals digest cellulose utilizing cellulases derived from symbiotic bacteria in the digestive organs. However, recent molecular biological studies have shown that some cellulase genes are actually encoded on animal chromosomes. In addition, the homologous primary structure of cellulases obtained from various invertebrate phyla indicates the possible vertical transfer of the cellulase gene from ancient organisms that are now extinct. The results of studies on cellulases with unique enzymatic properties are expected to be applied to bioethanol production and aquaculture. In the present review, we describe cellulases, focusing primarily on aquatic invertebrates in which both endogenous and exogenous cellulases are involved in the breakdown of cellulose in the digestive organs.

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Acknowledgments

This study was partly supported by a Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research from the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science, and Technology of Japan (no. 21380131).

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  1. Division of Applied Biosciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan

    Aya Tanimura, Wen Liu, Kyohei Yamada & Haruhiko Toyohara

  2. Primate Research Institute, Kyoto University, Inuyama, Aichi, 484-8506, Japan

    Takushi Kishida

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  1. Aya Tanimura
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  2. Wen Liu
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Correspondence to Haruhiko Toyohara.

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Tanimura, A., Liu, W., Yamada, K. et al. Animal cellulases with a focus on aquatic invertebrates. Fish Sci 79, 1–13 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12562-012-0559-4

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