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2010 Nicolas Andry Award: Multipotent Adult Stem Cells from Adipose Tissue for Musculoskeletal Tissue Engineering

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Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research®

Abstract

Background

Cell-based therapies such as tissue engineering provide promising therapeutic possibilities to enhance the repair or regeneration of damaged or diseased tissues but are dependent on the availability and controlled manipulation of appropriate cell sources.

Questions/purposes

The goal of this study was to test the hypothesis that adult subcutaneous fat contains stem cells with multilineage potential and to determine the influence of specific soluble mediators and biomaterial scaffolds on their differentiation into musculoskeletal phenotypes.

Methods

We reviewed recent studies showing the stem-like characteristics and multipotency of adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs), and their potential application in cell-based therapies in orthopaedics.

Results

Under controlled conditions, ASCs show phenotypic characteristics of various cell types, including chondrocytes, osteoblasts, adipocytes, neuronal cells, or muscle cells. In particular, the chondrogenic differentiation of ASCs can be induced by low oxygen tension, growth factors such as bone morphogenetic protein-6 (BMP-6), or biomaterial scaffolds consisting of native tissue matrices derived from cartilage. Finally, focus is given to the development of a functional biomaterial scaffold that can provide ASC-based constructs with mechanical properties similar to native cartilage.

Conclusions

Adipose tissue contains an abundant source of multipotent progenitor cells. These cells show cell surface marker profiles and differentiation characteristics that are similar to but distinct from other adult stem cells, such as bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs).

Clinical Relevance

The availability of an easily accessible and reproducible cell source may greatly facilitate the development of new cell-based therapies for regenerative medicine applications in the musculoskeletal system.

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Acknowledgments

These studies would not have been possible without the many contributions of Hani Awad, Helawe Betre, Naichen Cheng, Geoffrey Erickson, Beverley Fermor, Lisa Freed, Yuan-Di Halvorsen, Holly Leddy, Dianne Little, Kristen Lott, Henry Rice, Chris Rowland, Lori Setton, Robert Storms, David Wang, Quinn Wickham, William Wilkison, and Art Wu.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Departments of Surgery and Biomedical Engineering, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, 27710, USA

    Farshid Guilak, Bradley T. Estes, Brian O. Diekman & Franklin T. Moutos

  2. Orthopaedic Research Laboratories, Department of Surgery, Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, 375 MSRB, Box 3093, Durham, NC, 27710, USA

    Farshid Guilak

  3. Stem Cell Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University System, 6400 Perkins Road, Baton Rouge, LA, 70808, USA

    Jeffrey M. Gimble

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  1. Farshid Guilak
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  2. Bradley T. Estes
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  5. Jeffrey M. Gimble
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Farshid Guilak.

Additional information

One or more authors have received funding from the Duke Translational Medicine Institute RR24128 (FG), the Coulter Translational Research Partnership (FG), the NIH (Grants AR50245, AG15768, AR48182, and AR48852) (FG), and a NSF Graduate Fellowship (BOD).

The authors (FG, BTE, FTM, JMG) have filed patents on topics related to the contents of this paper. One of the authors (FG) owns equity in Cytex Therapeutics, Inc.

This work was performed at Duke University Medical Center.

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Guilak, F., Estes, B.T., Diekman, B.O. et al. 2010 Nicolas Andry Award: Multipotent Adult Stem Cells from Adipose Tissue for Musculoskeletal Tissue Engineering. Clin Orthop Relat Res 468, 2530–2540 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11999-010-1410-9

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