Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Real-time recognition of cattle using animal biometrics

  • Special Issue Paper
  • Published:
Journal of Real-Time Image Processing Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

With the advent of efficient recognition techniques, animal biometric systems have gained more proliferation for the identification and monitoring of cattle. A cattle biometric system is a pattern recognition-based system for the identification of livestock. In this paper, we propose a novel muzzle point recognition based on Fisher locality preserving projection algorithm for the recognition of cattle in real time. We have captured images of animals using a surveillance camera and transferred them to the server by wireless network technology. The major contributions are as follows: (1) preparation of muzzle point database, (2) extraction of the salient set of features using proposed muzzle point recognition approach, and (3) evaluation and comparison analysis of the introduced method and several existing recognition algorithms on a standard benchmark protocol. The efficacy of proposed muzzle point recognition approach for cattle evaluates under identification settings and yields \(96.87\,\%\) recognition accuracy for identifying individual cattle. The proposed approach also valued the 10.25 sec recognition time for enrollment and identified individual cattle on different sizes of muzzle point images.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9
Fig. 10
Fig. 11
Fig. 12
Fig. 13
Fig. 14
Fig. 15
Fig. 16
Fig. 17
Fig. 18
Fig. 19
Fig. 20

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Ahonen, T., Hadid, A., Pietikainen, M.: Face description with local binary patterns: application to face recognition. IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell. 28(12), 2037–2041 (2006)

    Article  MATH  Google Scholar 

  2. Ariff, M., Ismarani, I., Shamsuddin, N.: Rfid based systematic livestock health management system. In: IEEE Conference on Systems, Process and Control (ICSPC), pp. 111–116 (2014)

  3. Awad, A.I.: From classical methods to animal biometrics: a review on cattle identification and tracking. Comput. Electron Agric. 123, 423–435 (2016)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Bartlett, M.S., Movellan, J.R., Sejnowski, T.J.: Face recognition by independent component analysis. IEEE Trans. Neural Netw. 13(6), 1450–1464 (2002)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Bay, H., Ess, A., Tuytelaars, T., Van Gool, L.: Speeded-up robust features (surf). Comput. Vis. Image Underst. 110(3), 346–359 (2008)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. Belhumeur, P.N., Hespanha, J.P., Kriegman, D.J.: Eigenfaces verdsus fisherfaces: recognition using class specific linear projection. IEEE Trans. Pattern. Anal. Mach. Intell. 19(7), 711–720 (1997)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Bharadwaj, S., Bhatt, H.S., Vatsa, M., Singh, R.: Domain specific learning for newborn face recognition. IEEE Trans. Inf. Forensics Secur. 11(7), 1630–1641 (2016)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. Biswas, S.K., Milanfar, P.: One shot detection with laplacian object and fast matrix cosine similarity. IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell. 38(3), 546–562 (2016)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Botella, G., García, C.: Real-time motion estimation for image and video processing applications. J. Real-Time Image Process. 11(4), 625–631 (2016)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Cangar, O., Leroy, T., Guarino, M., Vranken, E., Fallon, R., Lenehan, J., Mee, J., Berckmans, D.: Model-based calving monitor using real time image analysis. Precis. Livest. Farming 7, 291–298 (2007)

    Google Scholar 

  11. Cangar, Ö., Leroy, T., Guarino, M., Vranken, E., Fallon, R., Lenehan, J., Mee, J., Berckmans, D.: Automatic real-time monitoring of locomotion and posture behaviour of pregnant cows prior to calving using online image analysis. Comput. Electron Agric. 64(1), 53–60 (2008)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. Coutinho, V.A., Cintra, R.J., Bayer, F.M., Kulasekera, S., Madanayake, A.: A multiplierless pruned dct-like transformation for image and video compression that requires ten additions only. J Real-Time Image Process. 12(2), 247–255 (2016)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. Dao, T.K., Le, T.L., Harle, D., Murray, P., Tachtatzis, C., Marshall, S., Michie, C., Andonovic, I.: Automatic cattle location tracking using image processing. In: Signal Processing Conference (EUSIPCO), 2015 23rd European, pp. 2636–2640 (2015)

  14. Dell, A.I., Bender, J.A., Branson, K., Couzin, I.D., de Polavieja, G.G., Noldus, L.P., Pérez-Escudero, A., Perona, P., Straw, A.D., Wikelski, M., et al.: Automated image-based tracking and its application in ecology. Trends Ecol. Evol. 29(7), 417–428 (2014)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Diehl, C.P., Cauwenberghs, G.: Svm incremental learning, adaptation and optimization. Proc. Int. Joint Conf. Neural Netw. 4, 2685–2690 (2003)

    Google Scholar 

  16. Doherr, M., Audige, L.: Monitoring and surveillance for rare health-related events: a review from the veterinary perspective. Philos. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B Biol. Sci. 356(1411), 1097–1106 (2001)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. Duyck, J., Finn, C., Hutcheon, A., Vera, P., Salas, J., Ravela, S.: Sloop: a pattern retrieval engine for individual animal identification. Pattern Recognit. 48(4), 1059–1073 (2015)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. El-Henawy, I., El Bakry, H.M., El Hadad, H.M.: Cattle identification using segmentation-based fractal texture analysis and artificial neural networks. Int. J. Electron. Inf. Eng. 4(2), 82–93 (2016)

    Google Scholar 

  19. Etemad, K., Chellappa, R.: Discriminant analysis for recognition of human face images. JOSA A 14(8), 1724–1733 (1997)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. Finn, C., Duyck, J., Hutcheon, A., Vera, P., Salas, J., Ravela, S.: Relevance feedback in biometric retrieval of animal photographs. In: Pattern Recognition, Springer, pp. 281–290 (2014)

  21. Gu, Q., Aoyama, T., Takaki, T., Ishii, I.: High frame-rate tracking of multiple color-patterned objects. J. Real-Time Image Process. 11(2), 251–269 (2016)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. Hadad, H.M.E., Mahmoud, H.A., Mousa, F.A.: Bovines muzzle classification based on machine learning techniques. Procedia Comput. Sci. 65, 864–871 (2015)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. He, X., Zhang, C., Zhang, L., Li, X.: A-optimal projection for image representation. IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell. 38(5), 1009–1015 (2016)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  24. Hoy, J., Koehler, P., Patterson, R.: A microcomputer-based system for real-time analysis of animal movement. J. Neurosci. Methods 64(2), 157–161 (1996)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  25. Huhtala, A., Suhonen, K., Mäkelä, P., Hakojärvi, M., Ahokas, J.: Evaluation of instrumentation for cow positioning and tracking indoors. Biosyst. Eng. 96(3), 399–405 (2007)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  26. Huircán, J.I., Muñoz, C., Young, H., Von Dossow, L., Bustos, J., Vivallo, G., Toneatti, M.: Zigbee-based wireless sensor network localization for cattle monitoring in grazing fields. Comput. Electron. Agric. 74(2), 258–264 (2010)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  27. Jain, A., Hong, L., Bolle, R.: On-line fingerprint verification. IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell. 19(4), 302–314 (1997)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  28. Jegadeesan, S., Venkatesan, G.P.: Smart cow health monitoring, farm environmental monitoring and control system using wireless sensor networks. Int. J. Adv. Eng. Tech./Vol VII/Issue I/Jan–March 334, 339 (2016)

    Google Scholar 

  29. Johnston, A., Edwards, D.: Welfare implications of identification of cattle by ear tags. Vet. Rec. 138(25), 612–614 (1996)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  30. Kim, T.K., Wong, S.F., Stenger, B., Kittler, J., Cipolla, R.: Incremental linear discriminant analysis using sufficient spanning set approximations. In: IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR’07), pp. 1–8 (2007)

  31. Kumar, S., Singh, S.K.: Feature selection and recognition of muzzle point image pattern of cattle by using hybrid chaos bfo and pso algorithms. In: Advances in Chaos Theory and Intelligent Control, Springer, pp. 719–751 (2016)

  32. Kumar, S., Tiwari, S., Singh, S.K.: Face recognition for cattle. In: 2015 Third International Conference on Image Information Processing (ICIIP), pp. 65–72 (2015a). doi:10.1109/ICIIP.2015.7414742

  33. Kumar, S., Tiwari, S., Singh, S.K.: Face recognition for cattle. In: 3rd IEEE International Conference on Image Information Processing (ICIIP), pp. 65–72 (2015b)

  34. Kumar, S., Singh, S.K., Dutta, T., Gupta, H.P.: Poster: a real-time cattle recognition system using wireless multimedia networks. In: Proceedings of the 14th Annual International Conference on Mobile Systems, Applications, and Services Companion, ACM, New York, NY, USA, MobiSys ’16 Companion, pp. 48–48 (2016a). doi:10.1145/2938559.2948871

  35. Kumar, S., Tiwari, S., Singh, S.K.: Face recognition of cattle: Can it be done? Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci., India Sect. A Phys. Sci. 86(2), 137–148 (2016b)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  36. Laadjel, M., Bouridane, A., Nibouche, O., Kurugollu, F., Al-Maadeed, S.: An improved palmprint recognition system using iris features. J. Real-Time Image Process. 8(3), 253–263 (2013)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  37. Leroy, T., Vranken, E., Van Brecht, A., Struelens, E., Janssen, A., Tuyttens, F., De Baere, K., Zoons, J., Sonck, B., Berckmans, D.: A quantitative computer vision method for on-line classification of poultry behavior in furnished cages. Trans. ASAE 49(3), 795–802 (2005)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  38. Lind, N.M., Vinther, M., Hemmingsen, R.P., Hansen, A.K.: Validation of a digital video tracking system for recording pig locomotor behaviour. J. Neurosci. Methods 143(2), 123–132 (2005)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  39. Liu, C., Wechsler, H.: Comparative assessment of independent component analysis (ica) for face recognition. In: International Conference on Audio and Video Based Biometric Person Authentication, Citeseer, pp. 22–24 (1999)

  40. Lowe, D.G.: Object recognition from local scale-invariant features. In: Proceedings of the Seventh IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision, vol. 2, pp. 1150–1157 (1999)

  41. Lv, Z., Tek, A., Da Silva, F., Empereur-mot, C., Chavent, M., Baaden, M.: Game on, science—how video game technology may help biologists tackle visualization challenges. PLoS One 8(3), 1–13 (2013). doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0057990

    Google Scholar 

  42. Lv, Z., Chirivella, J., Gagliardo, P.: Bigdata oriented multimedia mobile health applications. J. Med. Syst. 40(5), 1–10 (2016a). doi:10.1007/s10916-016-0475-8

    Article  Google Scholar 

  43. Lv, Z., Li, X., Zhang, B., Wang, W., Zhu, Y., Hu, J., Feng, S.: Managing big city information based on webvrgis. IEEE Access. 4, 407–415 (2016b)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  44. Martiskainen, P., Järvinen, M., Skön, J.P., Tiirikainen, J., Kolehmainen, M., Mononen, J.: Cow behaviour pattern recognition using a three-dimensional accelerometer and support vector machines. Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci. 119(1), 32–38 (2009)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  45. Mörwald, T., Prankl, J., Zillich, M., Vincze, M.: Advances in real-time object tracking. J. Real-Time Image Process. 10(4), 683–697 (2015)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  46. Ni, L.M., Liu, Y., Lau, Y.C., Patil, A.P.: Landmarc: indoor location sensing using active rfid. Wirel. Netw. 10(6), 701–710 (2004)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  47. Nilsson, M., Herlin, A., Ardö, H., Guzhva, O., Åström, K., Bergsten, C.: Development of automatic surveillance of animal behaviour and welfare using image analysis and machine learned segmentation technique. Animal 9(11), 1859–1865 (2015)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  48. Oczak, M., Ismayilova, G., Costa, A., Viazzi, S., Sonoda, L.T., Fels, M., Bahr, C., Hartung, J., Guarino, M., Berckmans, D., et al.: Analysis of aggressive behaviours of pigs by automatic video recordings. Comput. Electron. Agric. 99, 209–217 (2013)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  49. Ojala, T., Pietikäinen, M., Mäenpää, T.: Multiresolution gray-scale and rotation invariant texture classification with local binary patterns. IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell. 24(7), 971–987 (2002)

    Article  MATH  Google Scholar 

  50. Pisano, E.D., Zong, S., Hemminger, B.M., DeLuca, M., Johnston, R.E., Muller, K., Braeuning, M.P., Pizer, S.M.: Contrast limited adaptive histogram equalization image processing to improve the detection of simulated spiculations in dense mammograms. J. Digit. Imaging 11(4), 193–200 (1998)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  51. Poiesi, F., Cavallaro, A.: Predicting and recognizing human interactions in public spaces. J. Real-Time Image Process. 10(4), 785–803 (2015)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  52. Rodríguez-Prieto, V., Vicente-Rubiano, M., Sanchez-Matamoros, A., Rubio-Guerri, C., Melero, M., Martinez-Lopez, B., Martinez-Aviles, M., Hoinville, L., Vergne, T., Comin, A., et al.: Systematic review of surveillance systems and methods for early detection of exotic, new and re-emerging diseases in animal populations. Epidemiol. Infect. 143(10), 2018–2042 (2015)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  53. Saeidi, R., Astudillo, R.F., Kolossa, D.: Uncertain LDA: including observation uncertainties in discriminative transforms. IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell. 38(7), 1479–1488 (2016)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  54. Seo, H.J., Milanfar, P.: Face verification using the lark representation. IEEE Trans. Inf. Forensics Secur. 6(4), 1275–1286 (2011)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  55. Shao, J., Xin, H., Harmon, J.: Comparison of image feature extraction for classification of swine thermal comfort behavior. Comput. Electron. Agric. 19(3), 223–232 (1998)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  56. Tan, K., Wasif, A., Tan, C.: Objects tracking utilizing square grid rfid reader antenna network. J. Electromagn. Waves Appl. 22(1), 27–38 (2008)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  57. Tillett, R., Onyango, C., Marchant, J.: Using model-based image processing to track animal movements. Comput. Electron. Agric. 17(2), 249–261 (1997)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  58. Turk, M.A., Pentland, A.P.: Face recognition using eigenfaces. In: IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR ’91), pp. 586–591 (1991)

  59. Wardrope, D.: Problems with the use of ear tags in cattle. Vet. Rec. (United Kingdom) 37(26), 675 (1995)

    Google Scholar 

  60. Weng, J., Zhang, Y., Hwang, W.S.: Candid covariance-free incremental principal component analysis. IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell. 25(8), 1034–1040 (2003)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  61. Wolf, L., Hassner, T., Taigman, Y.: The one-shot similarity kernel. In: 12th IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision, pp. 897–902 (2009)

  62. Wolf, L., Hassner, T., Taigman, Y.: Effective unconstrained face recognition by combining multiple descriptors and learned background statistics. IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell. 33(10), 1978–1990 (2011)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  63. Yang, J., Lin, Y., Gao, Z., Lv, Z., Wei, W., Song, H.: Quality index for stereoscopic images by separately evaluating adding and subtracting. PLoS One 10(12), 1–19 (2016). doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0145800

    Google Scholar 

  64. Yang, L., Jin, R.: Distance Metric Learning: A Comprehensive Survey. Michigan State Universiy, vol. 2 (2006)

  65. Zhu, Q., Ren, J., Barclay, D., McCormack, S., Thomson, W.: Automatic animal detection from kinect sensed images for livestock monitoring and assessment. In: IEEE International Conference on Computer and Information Technology; Ubiquitous Computing and Communications; Dependable, Autonomic and Secure Computing; Pervasive Intelligence and Computing (CIT/IUCC/DASC/PICOM), pp. 1154–1157 (2015)

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi, 221005, India

    Santosh Kumar, Sanjay Kumar Singh & Ravi Shankar Singh

  2. Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Jaypee University of Information Technology, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, 173234, India

    Amit Kumar Singh

  3. Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Shri Shankaracharya Technical Campus, Junwani, Bhilai, District-Durg, Chattisgarh, 490020, India

    Shrikant Tiwari

Authors
  1. Santosh Kumar
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Sanjay Kumar Singh
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Ravi Shankar Singh
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Amit Kumar Singh
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Shrikant Tiwari
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Santosh Kumar.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Kumar, S., Singh, S.K., Singh, R.S. et al. Real-time recognition of cattle using animal biometrics. J Real-Time Image Proc 13, 505–526 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11554-016-0645-4

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11554-016-0645-4

Keywords

Search

Navigation