Skip to main content
Log in

Cattle identification with muzzle pattern using computer vision technology: a critical review and prospective

  • Data analytics and machine learning
  • Published:
Soft Computing Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Cattle identification is required for any type of record system to calving records or performance records, and it has many applications in various fields such as livestock management, insurance claims in banks, health department, and veterinary department. This article presents a systematic review of cattle identification techniques based on current vision technology. This article also assesses the techniques and tools based on their experimental evaluation. Different databases have been scrutinized to evaluate the performance of techniques used to identify the cattle, and the system’s performance achieved in terms of recognition accuracy through the various techniques is summarized in this article. All the potential advantages of cattle identification systems have been tried to explore in this article. Also, the authors identified the need to develop an efficient technique for cattle identification system. This article also directs toward future research in this very respective field. Research in this area is marginal, and still more research is required to be undertaken, particularly in the case of cattle identification based on muzzle points.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8

Similar content being viewed by others

Data availability

Enquiries about data availability should be directed to the authors.

References

  • Ahmed S, Gaber T, Tharwat A, Hassanien AE, Snáel V (2015) Muzzle-based cattle identification using speed up robust feature approach. In: Proceeding of the international conference on intelligent networking and collaborative systems, 99–104

  • Allen A, Golden B, Taylor M, Patterson D, Henriksen D, Skuce R (2008) Evaluation of retinal imaging technology for the biometric identification of bovine animals in Northern Ireland. Livest Sci 116(1–3):42–52

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Andrew W, Greatwood C, Burghardt TB (2019) Individual friesian cattle recovery and visual identification via an autonomous UAV with Onboard Deep Inference.arXiv 2019, arXiv:1907.05310v1

  • Awad AI (2016) From classical methods to animal biometrics: a review on cattle identification and tracking. Comput Electron Agric 123:423–435

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Awad AI, Zawbaa HM, Mahmoud HA, Nabi EHHA, Fayed RH, Hassanien AE (2013) A robust cattle identification scheme using muzzle print images. In: Proceeding of the federated conference on computer science and information systems, 529–534

  • Barry B, Gonzales-Barron UA, McDonnell K, Butler F, Ward S (2007) Using muzzle pattern recognition as a biometric approach for cattle identification. Trans ASABE 50(3):1073–1080

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bello RW, Olubummo DA, Seiyaboh Z, Enuma OC, Talib AZ, Mohamed ASA (2020a) Cattle identification: the history of nose prints approach in brief. Proc Conf Series Earth Environ Sci 594(1):012026

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bello RW, Talib AZ, Mohamed ASA, Olubummo DA, Otobo FN (2020b) Image-based Individual cow recognition using body patterns. Intern J Adv Comp Sci Appl 11(3):92–98

    Google Scholar 

  • Bello R, Talib A, Mohamed A (2020c) Deep learning-based architectures for recognition of cow using cow nose image pattern. Gazi Uni J Sci 1:1

    Google Scholar 

  • Beugeling T, Branzan-Albu A (2014) Computer vision-based identification of individual turtles using characteristic patterns of their plastrons. In: Proceeding of the Canadian conference on computer and robot vision, pp 203–210

  • Bugge CE, Burkhardt J, Dugstad KS, Enger TB, Kasprzycka M, Kleinauskas A, Vetlesen S (2011) Biometric methods of animal identification. Course notes, Laboratory Animal Science at the Norwegian School of Veterinary Science, pp 1–6

  • Burghardt T (2008) Visual animal biometric. Automatic Detection and Individual Identification by Coat Pattern

  • Cai C, Li J (2013) Cattle face identification using local binary pattern descriptor. In: Proceeding of the Asia-Pacific signal and information processing association annual summit and conference, pp 1–4

  • Chelysheva EV (2004) A new approach to cheetah identification. Cat News 41:27–29

    Google Scholar 

  • Chen S, Wang S, Zuo X, Yang R(2021) Angus cattle recognition using deep learning. In: International conference on pattern recognition, pp 4169–4175

  • Corkery GP, Gonzales-Barron UA, Butler F, Mc Donnell K, Ward S (2007) A preliminary investigation on face identification as a biometric identifier of sheep. Trans ASABE 50(1):313–320

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Duyck J, Finn C, Hutcheon A, Vera P, Salas J, Ravela S (2015) Sloop: a pattern retrieval engine for individual animal identification. Pattern Recogn 48(4):1059–1073

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • El Hadad HM, Mahmoud HA, Mousa FA (2015) Bovines muzzle classification based on machine learning techniques. Procedia Comput Sci 65:864–871

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • El-Bakry HM, El-Hennawy I, El Hadad HM (2014) Bovines muzzle identification using box-counting. Int J Comput Sci Inform Secur 12(5):29

    Google Scholar 

  • El-Henawy I, El Bakry HM, El Hadad HM (2016a) Cattle identification using segmentation-based fractal texture analysis and artificial neural networks. Int J Electron Inform Eng 4(2):82–93

    Google Scholar 

  • El-Henawy I, El-Bakry H, El-Hadad H, Mastorakis N (2016b) Muzzle feature extraction based on gray level co-occurrence matrix. Int J Veterinary Med 1:16–24

    Google Scholar 

  • Ernst A, Küblbeck C (2011) Fast face detection and species classification of African great apes. In: Proceeding of the International conference on advanced video and signal based surveillance, 279–284

  • Finn C, Duyck J, Hutcheon A, Vera P, Salas J, Ravela S (2014) Relevance feedback in biometric retrieval of animal photographs. In: Proceeding of the Mexican conference on pattern recognition, pp 281–290

  • Gaber T, Tharwat A, Hassanien AE, Snasel V (2016) Biometric cattle identification approach based on weber’s local descriptor and adaboost classifier. Comput Electron Agric 122:55–66

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hilpert JJ (2003) U.S. Patent No. 6,666,170. Washington, DC: U.S. Patent and Trademark Office.

  • Hoque S, Azhar MAHB, Deravi F (2011) ZOOMETRICS-biometric identification of wildlife using natural body marks. Int J BioSci Biotechnol 3(3):45–53

    Google Scholar 

  • Horn GV, Branson S, Farrell R, Haber S, Barry J, Ipeirotis P, Perona P, Belongie S (2015) Building a bird recognition app and large scale dataset with citizen scientists: the fine print in fine-grained dataset collection. In: Proceedings of the IEEE conference on computer vision and pattern recognition (CVPR), pp 595-604

  • Jarraya I, Ouarda W, Alimi AM (2015) A preliminary investigation on horses’ recognition using facial texture features. In: International conference on systems, man, and cybernetics, 2803–2808

  • Joele MR, Lourenço LF, Lourenço JB, Araújo GS, Budel JCC, Garcia AR (2016) Meat quality of buffaloes finished in traditional or silvopastoral system in the Brazilian Eastern Amazon. J Sci Food Agric 97(6):1740–1745

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Johnston AM, Edwards DS (1996) Welfare implications of identification of cattle by ear tags. Veterinary Record 138(25):612–614

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Karu K, Jain AK (1996) Fingerprint classification. Pattern Recogn 29(3):389–404

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kim HT, Ikeda Y, Choi HL (2005) The identification of Japanese black cattle by their faces. Asian Australas J Anim Sci 18(6):868–872

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kumar S, Singh SK (2014) Biometric identification for pet animal. J Softw Eng Appl 7(05):470

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kumar S, Singh SK (2016b) Visual animal biometric: review. IET Biometric 6(3):139–156

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kumar S, Singh SK (2017) Automatic identification of cattle using muzzle point pattern: a hybrid feature extraction and classification paradigm. Multimed Tools Appl 76(24):26551–26580

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kumar S, Singh SK (2018) Monitoring of pet animal in smart cities using animal biometric. Futur Gener Comput Syst 83:553–563

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kumar S, Tiwari S, Singh SK (2016) Face recognition of cattle: Can it be done? Proc Natl Acad Sci, India, Sect A 86(2):137–148

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kumar S, Singh SK, Singh RS, Singh AK, Tiwari S (2017b) Real-time identification of cattle using animal biometric. J Real-Time Image Proc 13(3):505–526

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kumar S, Pandey A, Satwik KSR, Kumar S, Singh SK, Singh AK, Mohan A (2018a) Deep learning framework for identification of cattle using muzzle point image pattern. Measurement 116:1–17

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kumar S, Singh SK, Abidi AI, Datta D, Sangaiah AK (2018b) Group sparse representation approach for identification of cattle on muzzle point images. Int J Parallel Prog 46(5):812–837

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kumar S, Singh SK (2016a) Feature selection and identification of muzzle point image pattern of cattle by using hybrid chaos BFO and PSO algorithms. In: Proceeding of the conference in advances in chaos theory and intelligent control, pp 719–751

  • Kumar S, Singh SK (2019) Cattle recognition: a new frontier in visual animal biometric research. In: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, India Section A: Physical Sciences, pp 1–20

  • Kumar S, Tiwari S, Singh SK (2015) Face identification for cattle. In: Proceeding of the third international conference on image information processing, 65–72

  • Kumar S, Chandrakar S, Panigrahi A, Singh SK (2017a) Muzzle point pattern identification system using image pre-processing techniques. In: Proceeding of the fourth international conference on image information processing, pp 1–6

  • Kumar S, Singh SK, Singh R, Singh AK (2017c) Analytical study of animal biometric: a technical review. Animal Biometric, 21–78

  • Kusakunniran W, Wiratsudakul A, Chuachan U, Kanchanapreechakorn S, Imaromkul T (2018) Automatic cattle identification based on fusion of texture features extracted from muzzle images. In: IEEE International conference on industrial technology. pp 1484–1489

  • Lahiri M, Tantipathananandh C, Warungu R, Rubenstein DI, Berger-Wolf TY (2011) Biometric animal databases from field photographs: identification of individual zebra in the wild. In: Proceedings of the 1st ACM international conference on multimedia retrieval, 6–14

  • Lu Y, He X, Wen Y, Wang PS (2014) A new cow identification system based on iris analysis and identification. Int Biometric 6(1):18–32

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mahmoud HA, Hadad HMRE (2015) Automatic cattle muzzle print classification system using multiclass support vector machine. Int J Image Min 1(1):126–140

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Manoj S, Rakshith S, Kanchana V (2021)Identification of cattle breed using the convolutional neural network. In: Conference on signal processing and communication. pp 503–507

  • Minagawa H, Fujimura T, Ichiyanagi M, Tanaka K, Fangquan M (2002) Identification of beef cattle by analyzing images of their muzzle patterns lifted on article. Publ Japan Soc Agricul Inform 8:596–600

    Google Scholar 

  • Mishra S, Dubey A, Khune V (2011) Muzzle print characteristics of sahiwal cattle. Indian Veterinary J 88(12):20

    Google Scholar 

  • Norouzzadeh MS, Nguyen A, Kosmala M, Swanson A, Palmer MS, Packer C, Clune J (2018) Automatically identifying, counting, and describing wild animals in camera-trap images with deep learning. Proceed Nat Acad Sci 115(25):E5716–E5725

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Noviyanto A, Arymurthy AM (2012) Automatic cattle identification based on muzzle photo using speed-up robust features approach. In: Proceedings of the 3rd European conference of computer science, 110–114

  • Noviyanto A, Arymurthy AM (2013) Beef cattle identification based on muzzle pattern using a matching refinement technique in the SIFT method. Comput Electron Agric 99:77–84

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Nurtanio I, Areni IS, Bugiwati SR, Bustamin A, Rahmatullah M (2020) Portable cattle tagging based on muzzle pattern. Int J Interact Mob Technol 14:13

    Google Scholar 

  • Odeniran PO, Macleod ET, Ademola IO, Welburn SC (2019) Molecular identification of bovine trypanosomes in relation to cattle sources in south west Nigeria. Parasitol Int 68(1):1–8

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Panchal I, Sawhney IK, Sharma AK, Dang AK (2016) Classification of healthy and mastitis Murrah buffaloes by application of neural network models using yield and milk quality parameters. Comput Electron Agric 127:242–248

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Petersen WE (1922) The identification of the bovine by means of nose-prints. J Dairy Sci 5(3):249–258

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Porto SM, Arcidiacono C, Anguzza U, Giummarra A, Cascone G (2013) An automatic system for the detection of dairy cows lying behaviour in free-stall barns. J Agricul Eng 158–162

  • Qi Y, Cinar GT, Souza VM, Batista GE, Wang Y, Principe JC (2015) Effective insect recognition using a stacked autoencoder with maximum correntropy criterion. Int Joint Conf Neural Netw 1–7

  • Rusk CP, Blomeke CR, Balschweid MA, Elliot SJ, Baker D (2006) An evaluation of retinal imaging technology for 4-H beef and sheep identification. J Ext 44(5):1–33

    Google Scholar 

  • Sahoolizadeh AH, Heidari BZ, Dehghani CH (2008) A new face identification method using PCA, LDA and neural network. Int J Comput Sci Eng 2(4):218–223

    Google Scholar 

  • Sharma AK, Sharma RK, Kasana HS (2006) Empirical comparisons of feed-forward connectionist and conventional regression models for prediction of first lactation 305-day milk yield in Karan Fries dairy cows. Neural Comput Appl 15(3–4):359–365

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sharma AK, Jain DK, Chakravarty AK, Malhotra R, Ruhil AP (2013) Predicting economic traits in Murrah buffaloes with connectionist models. J Indian Soc Agricul Stat 67(1):1–11

    MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  • Shojaeipour A, Falzon G, Kwan P, Hadavi N, Cowley FC, Paul D (2021) Automated muzzle detection and biometric identification via few-shot deep transfer learning of mixed breed cattle. Agronomy 11(11):2365

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sian C, Jiye W, Ru Z, Lizhi Z (2020) Cattle identification using muzzle print images based on feature fusion. In: Conference of materials science and engineering, 853(1):012051

  • Tharwat A, Gaber T, Hassanien AE (2015) Two biometric approaches for cattle identification based on features and classifiers fusion. Int J Image Min 1(4):342–365

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tharwat A, Gaber T, Hassanien AE (2014) Cattle identification based on muzzle images using Gabor features and SVM classifier. In: Proceeding of the international conference on advanced machine learning technologies and applications, 236–247

  • Urteaga-Reyesvera JC, Possani-Espinosa A (2016) Scorpions: classification of poisonous species using shape features. Pin: roceeding of the international conference on electronics, communications and computers, pp 125–129

  • Voulodimos AS, Patrikakis CZ, Sideridis AB, Ntafis VA, Xylouri EM (2010) A complete farm management system based on animal identification using RFID technology. Comput Electron Agric 70(2):380–388

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wardrope DD (1995) Problems with the use of ear tags in cattle. Vet Rec 137(26):675–675

    Google Scholar 

  • Web link (2018) https://www.dw.com/en/indian-government-plans-to-issue-id-cards-to-cows/a-42616469-0

  • Zaorálek L, Prilepok M, Snášel V (2016) Cattle identification using muzzle images. In: Proceedings of the second international afro-european conference for industrial advancement, 105–115

  • Zhang W, Sun J, Tang X (2010) From tiger to panda: animal head detection. IEEE Trans Image Process 20(6):1696–1708

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  • Zhu Q, Ren J, Barclay D, McCormack S, sThomson W (2015) Automatic animal detection from Kinect sensed images for livestock monitoring and assessment. In: International Conference on Computer and Information Technology; ubiquitous computing and communications; dependable, autonomic and secure computing; pervasive intelligence and computing, pp 1154–1157

  • Zin T T, Phyo C N, Tin P, Hama H and Kobayashi I (2018) Image technology-based cow identification system using deep learning Lecture Notes in Engineering and Computer Science. In: Proceedings of the International Multiconference of Engineers and Computer Scientists 1(320):3

Download references

Funding

The authors declared that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Munish Kumar.

Ethics declarations

Conflict of interest

The authors declared that they have no conflict of interest in this work.

Additional information

Publisher's Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Kaur, A., Kumar, M. & Jindal, M.K. Cattle identification with muzzle pattern using computer vision technology: a critical review and prospective. Soft Comput 26, 4771–4795 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00500-022-06935-x

Download citation

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00500-022-06935-x

Keywords

Navigation