Skip to main content

Advertisement

SpringerLink
Log in

Analysis of culm elongation in photoheterotrophic status of Dendrocalamus sinicus by comparative proteomics

  • Original Article
  • Published:
Trees Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Key message

The differential expression of 36 proteins plays a central role in culm elongation during photoheterotrophic status, which was involved in complicated biochemical and molecular processes, including replication, transcription, translation, energy metabolism, central intermediary metabolism, and woody tissue photosynthesis.

Abstract

Dendrocalamus sinicus is known as the largest bamboo species in the world, characterized by huge woody culms with rapid growth rate. During culm elongation, leaves are not yet shaped and culms are covered by nontransparent overlapping sheaths, forming a photoheterotrophic status in which culms rapidly complete their own growth. To elucidate this phenomenon, proteome analysis as well as enzyme activity were performed. In terms of the enzyme activity, we found significant differences among internodes for adenosine diphosphoglucose pyrophosphorylase, starch synthase, and starch branching enzyme, implying existence of a robust response of starch synthesis throughout culm elongation. At the protein level, 2-DE combined with MALDI–TOF/TOF MS analysis showed 36 differentially accumulated proteins among internodes. Of which, the largest group is the cluster for energy metabolism (27.78%), followed by central intermediary metabolism (22.22%), which suggests that carbohydrate metabolism dominates the process of culm elongation. Especially, four proteins related to the glycolysis pathway were differentially expressed. In addition, a protochlorophyllide reductase associated with chlorophyllide synthesis was down-regulated from basal to top internodes. This implies that culms belong to photosynthetic tissue and woody tissue photosynthesis is involved in the culm elongation. In addition, malate dehydrogenase related to TCA cycle was up-regulated from tender to mature tissues, which indicates that it plays a vital role in energy generation. An inconsistency between the transcript and protein level was found, suggesting that post-transcriptional events are involved in the culm elongation. These results are helpful to disclose the multiple mechanism of culm elongation of D. sinicus.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Ariizumi T, Lawrence PK, Steber CM (2011) The role of two F-box proteins, SLEEPY1 and SNEEZY, in Arabidopsis gibberellin signaling. Plant Physiol 155:765–775

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ávila E, Herrera A, Tezara W (2014) Contribution of stem CO2 fixation to whole-plant carbon balance in nonsucculent species. Photosynthetica 52:3–15

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Baggerman G, Vierstraete E, De Loof A, Schoofs L (2005) Gel-based versus gel-free proteomics: a review. Comb Chem High Throughput Screen 8:669–677

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bahaji A, Li J, Sánchez-López ÁM, Baroja-Fernández E, Muñoz FJ, Ovecka M, Almagro G, Montero M, Ezquer I, Etxeberria E (2014) Starch biosynthesis, its regulation and biotechnological approaches to improve crop yields. Biotechnol Adv 32:87–106

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Banik R (2000) Silviculture and field-guide to priority bamboos of Bangladesh and South Asia. BFRI, Chittagong, pp 1–187

    Google Scholar 

  • Banik RL (2015) Morphology and growth. In: Liese W, Köhl M (eds) Bamboo. Springer International Publishing, London, pp 43–90

    Google Scholar 

  • Barua P, Subba P, Lande NV, Mangalaparthi KK, Prasad TSK, Chakraborty S, Chakraborty N (2016) Gel-based and gel-free search for plasma membrane proteins in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) augments the comprehensive data sets of membrane protein repertoire. J Proteomics 143:199–208

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bradford MM (1976) A rapid and sensitive method for the quantitation of microgram quantities of protein utilizing the principle of protein-dye binding. Anal Biochem 72:248–254

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Buhr F, El Bakkouri M, Valdez O, Pollmann S, Lebedev N, Reinbothe S, Reinbothe C (2008) Photoprotective role of NADPH: protochlorophyllide oxidoreductase A. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 105:12629–12634

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Busch FA, Sage TL, Cousins AB, Sage RF (2013) C3 plants enhance rates of photosynthesis by reassimilating photorespired and respired CO2. Plant Cell Environ 36:200–212

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Chen M, Thelen JJ (2010) The plastid isoform of triose phosphate isomerase is required for the postgerminative transition from heterotrophic to autotrophic growth in Arabidopsis. Plant Cell 22:77–90

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Chen TH, Huang YC, Yang CS, Yang CC, Wang AY, Sung HY (2009) Insights into the catalytic properties of bamboo vacuolar invertase through mutational analysis of active site residues. Phytochemistry 70:25–31

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Chen CY, Hsieh MH, Yang CC, Lin CS, Wang AY (2010) Analysis of the cellulose synthase genes associated with primary cell wall synthesis in Bambusa oldhamii. Phytochemistry 71:1270–1279

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Chiu WB, Lin CH, Chang CJ, Hsieh MH, Wang AY (2006) Molecular characterization and expression of four cDNAs encoding sucrose synthase from green bamboo Bambusa oldhamii. New Phytol 170:53–63

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Conesa A, Götz S, García-Gómez JM, Terol J, Talón M, Robles M (2005) Blast2GO: a universal tool for annotation, visualization and analysis in functional genomics research. Bioinformatics 21:3674–3676

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Cui K, He C, Zhang JG, Duan AG, Zeng YF (2012) Temporal and spatial profiling of Internode elongation-associated protein expression in rapidly growing culms of bamboo. J Proteome Res 11:2492–2507

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Dai N, Schaffer A, Petreikov M, Shahak Y, Giller Y, Ratner K, Levine A, Granot D (1999) Overexpression of Arabidopsis hexokinase in tomato plants inhibits growth, reduces photosynthesis, and induces rapid senescence. Plant Cell 11:1253–1266

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Dorion S, Clendenning A, Jeukens J, Salas JJ, Parveen N, Haner AA, Law RD, Force EM, Rivoal J (2012) A large decrease of cytosolic triosephosphate isomerase in transgenic potato roots affects the distribution of carbon in primary metabolism. Planta 236:1177–1190

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Finnie C, Bak-Jensen KS, Laugesen S, Roepstorff P, Svensson B (2006) Differential appearance of isoforms and cultivar variation in protein temporal profiles revealed in the maturing barley grain proteome. Plant Sci 170:808–821

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gallie DR, Le H, Tanguay RL, Browning KS (1998) Translation initiation factors are differentially regulated in cereals during development and following heat shock. Plant J 14:715–722

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gharbi I, Ricard B, Rolin D, Maucourt M, Andrieu MH, Bizid E, Smiti S, Brouquisse R (2007) Effect of hexokinase activity on tomato root metabolism during prolonged hypoxia. Plant Cell Environ 30:508–517

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Gou JY, Wang LJ, Chen SP, Hu WL, Chen XY (2007) Gene expression and metabolite profiles of cotton fiber during cell elongation and secondary cell wall synthesis. Cell Res 17:422–434

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Graham LA, Powell B, Stevens T (2000) Composition and assembly of the yeast vacuolar H+-ATPase complex. J Exp Biol 203:61–70

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Gubler F, Raventos D, Keys M, Watts R, Mundy J, Jacobsen JV (1999) Target genes and regulatory domains of the GAMYB transcriptional activator in cereal aleurone. Plant J 17:1–9

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Han XJ, Wang YD, Chen YC, Lin LY, Wu QK (2013) Transcriptome sequencing and expression analysis of terpenoid biosynthesis genes in Litsea cubeba. PLoS One 8:e76890

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Han C, Yang PF, Sakata K, Komatsu S (2014) Quantitative proteomics reveals the role of protein phosphorylation in rice embryos during early stages of germination. J Proteome Res 13:1766–1782

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • He CY, Zhang JG, Duan AG, Zheng SX, Sun HG, Fu LH (2008) Proteins responding to drought and high emperature stress in Populus × euramericana cv. ‘74/76’. Trees Struct Funct 22:803–813

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • He CY, Cui K, Zhang JG, Duan AG, Zeng YF (2013) Next-generation sequencing-based mRNA and microRNA expression profiling analysis revealed pathways involved in the rapid growth of developing culms in Moso bamboo. BMC Plant Biol 13:119

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Hernández G, Vazquez-Pianzola P (2005) Functional diversity of the eukaryotic translation initiation factors belonging to eIF4 families. Mech Dev 122:865–876

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hoch JA, Nester EW (1973) Gene-enzyme relationships of aromatic acid biosynthesis in Bacillus subtilis. J Bacteriol 116:59–66

    CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Hsieh CW, Liu LK, Yeh SH, Chen CF, Lin HI, Sung HY, Wang AY (2006) Molecular cloning and functional identification of invertase isozymes from green bamboo Bambusa oldhamii. J Agric Food Chem 54:3101–3107

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hu L, Chen H, Dou X, Jin J, Sun W, Cai W (2015) A proteomic analysis of the upper and lower flanks of the base of rice shoot in the gravitropism. Microgravity Sci Technol 27:403–416

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jiang Z, Peng Z, Gao Z, Liu C, Yang C (2012) Characterization of different isoforms of the light-harvesting chlorophyll a/b complexes of photosystem II in bamboo. Photosynthetica 50:129–138

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kaneko M, Inukai Y, Ueguchi-Tanaka M, Itoh H, Izawa T, Kobayashi Y, Hattori T, Miyao A, Hirochika H, Ashikari M, Matsuoka M (2004) Loss-of-function mutations of the rice GAMYB gene impair α-amylase expression in aleurone and flower development. Plant Cell 16:33–44

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Li PH, Sioson A, Mane SP, Ulanov A, Grothaus G, Heath LS, Murali TM, Bohnert HJ, Grene R (2006) Response diversity of Arabidopsis thaliana ecotypes in elevated [CO2] in the field. Plant Mol Biol 62:593–609

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ling J, Jiang W, Zhang Y, Yu H, Mao Z, Gu X, Huang S, Xie B (2011) Genome-wide analysis of WRKY gene family in Cucumis sativus. BMC Genom 12:471

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Liu L, Zhou Y, Zhou G, Ye RJ, Zhao LN, Li XH, Lin YJ (2008) Identification of early senescence-associated genes in rice flag leaves. Plant Mol Biol 67:37–55

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Liu M, Qiao G, Jiang J, Yang H, Xie L, Xie J, Zhuo R (2012) Transcriptome sequencing and de novo analysis for ma bamboo (Dendrocalamus latiflorus Munro) using the Illumina platform. PLoS ONE 7:e46766

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Martin T, Frommer WB, Salanoubat M, Willmitzer L (1993) Expression of an Arabidopsis sucrose synthase gene indicates a role in metabolization of sucrose both during phloem loading and in sink organs. Plant J 4:367–377

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Masuda T, Fujita Y (2008) Regulation and evolution of chlorophyll metabolism. Photochem Photobiol Sci 7:1131–1149

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Müller V, Grüber G (2003) ATP synthases: structure, function and evolution of unique energy converters. Cell Mol Life Sci 60:474–494

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Muraki N, Nomata J, Ebata K, Mizoguchi T, Shiba T, Tamiaki H, Kurisu G, Fujita Y (2010) X-ray crystal structure of the light-independent protochlorophyllide reductase. Nature 465:110–114

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Mustroph A, Albrecht G (2003) Tolerance of crop plants to oxygen deficiency stress: fermentative activity and photosynthetic capacity of entire seedlings under hypoxia and anoxia. Physiol Plant 117:508–520

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Nadaud I, Girousse C, Debiton C, Chambon C, Bouzidi MF, Martre P, Branlard G (2010) Proteomic and morphological analysis of early stages of wheat grain development. Proteomics 10:2901–2910

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Nakamura Y, Yuki K (1992) Changes in enzyme activities associated with carbohydrate metabolism during the development of rice endosperm. Plant Sci 82:15–20

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nakamura Y, Yuki K, Park S-Y, Ohya T (1989) Carbohydrate metabolism in the developing endosperm of rice grains. Plant Cell Physiol 30:833–839

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ohrnberger D (1999) The bamboos of the world: annotated nomenclature and literature of the species and the higher and lower taxa. Elsevier Science, Amsterdam, pp 12–38

    Google Scholar 

  • Ohyanagi H, Tanaka T, Sakai H, Shigemoto Y, Yamaguchi K, Habara T, Fujii Y, Antonio BA, Nagamura Y, Imanishi T, Ikeo K, Itoh T, Gojobori T, Sasaki T (2006) The rice annotation project database (RAP-DB): hub for Oryza sativa ssp. japonica genome information. Nucleic Acids Res 34:D741–D744

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Okita TW (1992) Is there an alternative pathway for starch synthesis? Plant Physiol 100:560–564

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Peng ZH, Lu TH, Li LB, Liu XH, Gao ZM, Hu T, Yang XW, Feng Q, Guan JP, Weng QJ, Fan DL, Zhu CR, Lu Y, Han B, Jiang ZH (2010) Genome-wide characterization of the biggest grass, bamboo, based on 10, 608 putative full-length cDNA sequences. BMC Plant Biol 10:116

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Peng Z, Lu Y, Li L, Zhao Q, Feng Q, Gao Z, Lu H, Hu T, Yao N, Liu K, Li Y, Fan D, Guo Y, Li W, Lu Y, Weng Q, Zhou C, Zhang L, Huang T, Zhao Y, Zhu C, Liu X, Yang X, Wang T, Miao K, Zhuang C, Cao X, Tang W, Liu G, Liu Y, Chen J, Liu Z, Yuan L, Liu Z, Huang X, Lu T, Fei B, Ning Z, Han B, Jiang Z (2013) The draft genome of the fast-growing non-timber forest species moso bamboo (Phyllostachys heterocycla). Nat Genet 45:456–461

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Pichersky E, Gottlieb LD (1984) Plant triose phosphate isomerase isozymes purification, immunological and structural characterization, and partial amino acid sequences. Plant Physiol 74:340–347

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Preiss J, Ball K, Smith-White B, Iglesias A, Kakefuda G, Li L (1991) Starch biosynthesis and its regulation. Biochem Soc Trans 19:539–547

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Purvis AC, Shewfelt RL (1993) Does the alternative pathway ameliorate chilling injury in sensitive plant tissues? Physiol Plant 88:712–718

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Radchuk V, Sreenivasulu N, Radchuk R, Wobus U, Weschke W (2005) The methylation cycle and its possible functions in barley endosperm development. Plant Mol Biol 59:289–307

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Richards TA, Dacks JB, Campbell SA, Blanchard JL, Foster PG, McLeod R, Roberts CW (2006) Evolutionary origins of the eukaryotic shikimate pathway: gene fusions, horizontal gene transfer, and endosymbiotic replacements. Eukaryot Cell 5:1517–1531

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Sato K, Nishikubo N, Mashino Y, Yoshitomi K, Zhou JM, Kajita S, Katayama Y (2009) Immunohistochemical localization of enzymes that catalyze the long sequential pathways of lignin biosynthesis during differentiation of secondary xylem tissues of hybrid aspen (Populus sieboldii × Populus grandidentata). Tree Physiol 29:1599–1606

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Sghaier-Hammami B, Valledor L, Drira N, Jorrin-Novo JV (2009) Proteomic analysis of the development and germination of date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) zygotic embryos. Proteomics 9:2543–2554

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Shannon P, Markiel A, Ozier O, Baliga NS, Wang JT, Ramage D, Amin N, Schwikowski B, Ideker T (2003) Cytoscape: a software environment for integrated models of biomolecular interaction networks. Genome Res 13:2498–2504

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Shi ZJ, Xiao LP, Deng J, Sun RC (2013) Isolation and structural characterization of lignin polymer from Dendrocalamus sinicus. Bioenerg Res 6:1212–1222

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Smith AM, Stitt M (2007) Coordination of carbon supply and plant growth. Plant Cell Environ 30:1126–1149

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Sulpice R, Pyl E-T, Ishihara H, Trenkamp S, Steinfath M, Witucka-Wall H, Gibon Y, Usadel B, Poree F, Piques MC (2009) Starch as a major integrator in the regulation of plant growth. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 106:10348–10353

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Sun Q, Yoda K, Suzuki M, Suzuki H (2003) Vascular tissue in the stem and roots of woody plants can conduct light. J Exp Bot 54:1627–1635

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Tanaka R, Tanaka A (2007) Tetrapyrrole biosynthesis in higher plants. Annu Rev Plant Biol 58:321–346

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Tatsuro H, Tomio T (2004) A comprehensive expression analysis of the starch synthase gene family in rice (Oryza sativa L.). Planta 220:9–16

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Teskey RO, Saveyn A, Steppe K, McGuire MA (2008) Origin, fate and significance of CO2 in tree stems. New Phytol 177:17–32

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Tezara W, Mitchell V, Driscoll S, Lawlor D (1999) Water stress inhibits plant photosynthesis by decreasing coupling factor and ATP. Nature 401:914–917

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Vandegehuchte MW, Bloemen J, Vergeynst LL, Steppe K (2015) Woody tissue photosynthesis in trees: salve on the wounds of drought? New Phytol 208:998–1002

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Wang H, Cui K, He C, Zeng Y, Liao S, Zhang J (2015) Endogenous hormonal equilibrium linked to bamboo culm development. Genet Mol Res 14:11312–11323

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Woodger FJ, Millar A, Murray F, Jacobsen JV, Gubler F (2003) The role of GAMYB transcription factors in GA-regulated gene expression. J Plant Growth Regul 22:176–184

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wu YJ, Chen HM, Wu TT, Wu JS, Chu RM, Juang RH (2006) Preparation of monoclonal antibody bank against whole water-soluble proteins from rapid-growing bamboo shoots. Proteomics 6:5898–5902

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Yang YW, Bian SM, Yao Y, Liu JY (2008) Comparative proteomic analysis provides new insights into the fiber elongating process in cotton. J Proteome Res 7:4623–4637

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Yang L, Lou Y, Peng Z, Zhao H, Sun H, Gao Z (2015) Molecular characterization and primary functional analysis of PeMPEC, a magnesium-protoporphyrin IX monomethyl ester cyclase gene of bamboo (Phyllostachys edulis). Plant Cell Rep 34:2001–2011

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ye J, Fang L, Zheng H, Zhang Y, Chen J, Zhang Z, Wang J, Li S, Li R, Bolund L (2006) WEGO: a web tool for plotting GO annotations. Nucleic Acids Res 34:W293–W297

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Yi T, Shi J, Ma L, Wang H, Yang L (2008) Iconographia bambusoidearum sinicarum. Science Press, Beijing

    Google Scholar 

  • Yu H, Zhang F, Wang G, Liu Y, Liu D (2013) Partial deficiency of isoleucine impairs root development and alters transcript levels of the genes involved in branched-chain amino acid and glucosinolate metabolism in Arabidopsis. J Exp Bot 64:599–612

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Zhou MB, Yang P, Gao PJ, Tang DQ (2011) Identification of differentially expressed sequence tags in rapidly elongating Phyllostachys pubescens internodes by suppressive subtractive hybridization. Plant Mol Biol Rep 29:224–231

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 31300501), the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Nonprofit Research Institution of CAF (Grant No. CAFYBB2014QB020 and riricaf2013002M), and the China Scholarship Council (201503270020).

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Research Institute of Resources Insects, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Kunming, 650224, People’s Republic of China

    Kai Cui, Haiying Wang, Shengxi Liao, Yongzhong Cui & Li Li

  2. Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, 100091, People’s Republic of China

    Caiyun He & Junpei Zhang

  3. Institute for Plant Genomics and Biotechnology, Texas A&M University, College Station, 77843, USA

    Di Sun

Authors
  1. Kai Cui
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Haiying Wang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Caiyun He
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Di Sun
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Junpei Zhang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Shengxi Liao
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  7. Yongzhong Cui
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  8. Li Li
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Shengxi Liao.

Ethics declarations

Conflict of interest

The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

Additional information

Communicated by F. Canovas.

Electronic supplementary material

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Cui, K., Wang, H., He, C. et al. Analysis of culm elongation in photoheterotrophic status of Dendrocalamus sinicus by comparative proteomics. Trees 31, 687–704 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00468-016-1500-8

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00468-016-1500-8

Keywords

Search

Navigation