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Combination of LII and extinction measurements for determination of soot volume fraction and estimation of soot maturity in non-premixed laminar flames

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Abstract

The measurement of soot and soot precursors is important for understanding the formation of soot particles in flames. In this paper, we use the difference between laser-induced incandescence (LII) and two-dimensional extinction measurements to assess the contribution of soot precursors to the extinction measurement. LII measurements are performed with a high spatial resolution of 100 µm to determine the soot volume fraction (f V) in a laminar ethylene/air non-premixed flame at the standard Gülder conditions. While LII is specific to mature soot only, the extinction data represent attenuation due to mature and young soot (absorption and elastic scattering) and also absorption by soot precursors. The difference between the two measurements indicates the contribution of soot precursors and allows a determination of the maturity of soot. This is important knowledge for those using extinction techniques to measure soot concentration, as the contribution from soot precursors may lead to an overestimation of the mature soot concentration. Further, regions with high soot-precursor concentrations, which lead to soot formation, can be identified.

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Acknowledgments

The authors thank P. Desgroux for helpful discussion about the interpretation of non-soot absorbance and D. Clavel for the thorough support of setup, experiments, and analysis. Financial support by German Research Foundation (DFG, SCHU1369/3), NRCan PERD Project AFTER11 is gratefully acknowledged.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. NRC Measurement Science and Standards, Ottawa, ON, K1A 0R6, Canada

    M. Leschowski, K. A. Thomson, D. R. Snelling & G. J. Smallwood

  2. IVG, Institute for Combustion and Gas Dynamics – Reactive Fluids, and CENIDE, Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 47048, Duisburg, Germany

    M. Leschowski & C. Schulz

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  1. M. Leschowski
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  2. K. A. Thomson
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  3. D. R. Snelling
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  4. C. Schulz
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  5. G. J. Smallwood
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Correspondence to M. Leschowski.

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Leschowski, M., Thomson, K.A., Snelling, D.R. et al. Combination of LII and extinction measurements for determination of soot volume fraction and estimation of soot maturity in non-premixed laminar flames. Appl. Phys. B 119, 685–696 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00340-015-6092-2

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00340-015-6092-2

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