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Construction of recombinant industrial brewer’s yeast with lower diacetyl production and proteinase A activity

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Abstract

The characteristic buttery taste of diacetyl has long been a major problem in the brewing industry, and the foam stability of unpasteurized beer is often influenced by proteinase A (PrA), which is encoded by PEP4 and released from yeast cells into beer during brewing. A recombinant industrial brewer’s yeast strain that reduces the diacetyl content of beer and improves foam stability was constructed. We constructed a PGK1p-ILV5-PGK1t expression cassette, which was introduced into one of the PEP4 alleles via PCR-mediated homologous recombination. Then, the second PEP4 allele was disrupted using the Cre-loxP recombination system, and the recombinant strain was designated as S-CSIK12. The results show that the diacetyl production of S-CSIK12 is always lower than that of the host strain at all stages of beer fermentation. In addition, brewing with S-CSIK12 reduced the PrA activity of the final beer by 44 % compared with that using the wild-type strain. The head retention of the beer brewed with S-CSIK12 (260 ± 2 s) was better than that of the host strain S-6 (212 ± 3 s). Considering that more PrA is released from yeast cells during the final stage of main fermentation and that the timing of yeast cropping is determined by diacetyl reduction, brewing with strains that have low diacetyl production also reduced the PrA activity of the beer and improved its head retention. The present study provides reference for the brewing industry as well as research on the diacetyl reduction and foam stability of beer.

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Abbreviations

PrA:

Proteinase A

PEP4:

A kind of gene that encodes proteinase A

ILV5:

A kind of gene that encodes reductoisomerase

RI:

Acetohydroxyacid reductoisomerase

ILV pathway:

Isoleucine–valine pathway

ALDC:

α-Acetolactate decarboxylase

ILV2:

A kind of gene that encodes acetolactate synthase I/II/III large subunit

ILV3:

A kind of gene that encodes dihydroxy-acid dehydratase

ILV6:

A kind of gene that encodes acetolactate synthase I/III small subunit

LTP1:

Lipid transfer protein 1

GPD1:

A kind of gene that encodes glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase

ROX:

Reference dye for real-time PCR

HK:

Hexokinase

Pfk:

Phosphofructokinase

PYKi:

Pyruvate kinase

S-6:

Wild-type industrial brewer’s yeast

S-CSK10:

Two PEP4 allele disruption strain

S-CSIK12:

Two PEP4 allele disruption and ILV5 overexpression strain

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Acknowledgments

The current study was financially supported by the program for Changjiang Scholars and Innovative Research Team in University (IRT1166), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.31271916).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Industrial Microbiology Key Laboratory, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, 300457, People’s Republic of China

    Jun Lu, Jian Dong, Deguang Wu, Yefu Chen, Xuewu Guo, Yu Shi, Xi Sun & Dongguang Xiao

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  1. Jun Lu
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  2. Jian Dong
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  3. Deguang Wu
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  7. Xi Sun
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  8. Dongguang Xiao
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Correspondence to Dongguang Xiao.

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Lu, J., Dong, J., Wu, D. et al. Construction of recombinant industrial brewer’s yeast with lower diacetyl production and proteinase A activity. Eur Food Res Technol 235, 951–961 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00217-012-1821-9

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