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Monitoring the influence of high-gravity brewing and fermentation temperature on flavour formation by analysis of gene expression levels in brewing yeast

  • Applied Genetics and Molecular Biotechnology
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Abstract

During fermentation, the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae produces a broad range of aroma-active substances, which are vital for the complex flavour of beer. In order to obtain insight into the influence of high-gravity brewing and fermentation temperature on flavour formation, we analysed flavour production and the expression level of ten genes (ADH1, BAP2, BAT1, BAT2, ILV5, ATF1, ATF2, IAH1, EHT1 and EEB1) during fermentation of a lager and an ale yeast. Higher initial wort gravity increased acetate ester production, while the influence of higher fermentation temperature on aroma compound production was rather limited. In addition, there is a good correlation between flavour production and the expression level of specific genes involved in the biosynthesis of aroma compounds. We conclude that yeasts with desired amounts of esters and higher alcohols, in accordance with specific consumer preferences, may be identified based on the expression level of flavour biosynthesis genes. Moreover, these results demonstrate that the initial wort density can determine the final concentration of important volatile aroma compounds, thereby allowing beneficial adaptation of the flavour of beer.

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Acknowledgements

We thank Lynn Stichelbout for excellent help with the qPCR experiments. This work was supported by a grant from the Institute for the Promotion of Innovation by Science and Technology in Flanders (IWT Flanders; SBO project IWT050148) to J.M. Thevelein and F.R. Delvaux.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Centre for Malting and Brewing Science, Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 22, B-3001, Heverlee, Belgium

    S. M. G. Saerens, P. J. Verbelen, N. Vanbeneden & F. R. Delvaux

  2. Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Department of Molecular Microbiology, VIB, Institute of Botany and Microbiology, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 31, B-3001, Heverlee, Belgium

    S. M. G. Saerens & J. M. Thevelein

  3. Centre for Food and Microbial Technology, Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 22, B-3001, Heverlee, Belgium

    S. M. G. Saerens

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  1. S. M. G. Saerens
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  2. P. J. Verbelen
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  3. N. Vanbeneden
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  4. J. M. Thevelein
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  5. F. R. Delvaux
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Correspondence to S. M. G. Saerens.

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Saerens, S.M.G., Verbelen, P.J., Vanbeneden, N. et al. Monitoring the influence of high-gravity brewing and fermentation temperature on flavour formation by analysis of gene expression levels in brewing yeast. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 80, 1039–1051 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00253-008-1645-5

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00253-008-1645-5

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