Abstract
Background and Aim
We hypothesised that amending an acidic ferralsol with biochar would improve the productivity of a subtropical dairy pasture via reducing soil acidity related constraints and result in improved nitrogen use efficiency. We examined two contrasting biochars with different carbon, nutrient content and acid neutralising values.
Methods
Field plots were amended with one of three biochar treatments (Nil, feedlot manure biochar [FM], green waste biochar [GW]) in combination with presence or absence of NPK fertiliser and presence or absence of liming. The FM and GW biochars had a carbon content of 44 and 76 %, available phosphorous of 5,960 and 93 mg kg−1, and liming values of 13 and 5.6 %, respectively. The pasture was managed to supply year round high quality feed for dairy production.
Results
The FM biochar increased total pasture productivity by 11 % and improved the agronomic nitrogen use efficiency by 23 %. It also reduced soil acidity but did not significantly affect the pH dependent soil cation exchange capacity. The GW biochar did not improve pasture productivity. Both biochars resulted in an increase in the soil carbon density.
Conclusions
The high available phosphorous content of FM biochar makes it an effective amendment for acidic ferralsols. Greenwaste biochar did not have sufficient acid neutralising capacity or phosphorous content to reduce soil acidity constraints. Both biochars enhance soil carbon storage in pasture systems on ferralsol.
Similar content being viewed by others
Abbreviations
- Soil C:
-
Soil carbon
- FM biochar:
-
Feedlot manure biochar
- GW biochar:
-
Greenwaste biochar
- CEC:
-
Cation exchange capacity
References
AOAC International (2000) Official methods of analysis, 17th edn. AOAC Int, Gaithersburg
Atkinson CJ, Fitzgerald JD, Hipps NA (2009) Potential mechanisms for achieving agricultural benefits from biochar application to temperate soils: a review. Plant Soil 337:1–18
Bell MJ, Moody PW, Connolly RD, Bridge BJ (1998) The role of active fractions of soil organic matter in physical and chemical fertility of Ferrosols. Aust J Soil Res 36:809–819
Bell M, Seymour N, Stirling GR, Stirling AM, Van Zwieten L, Vancov T, Sutton G, Moody P (2006) Impacts of management on soil biota in Vertosols supporting the broadacre grains industry in northern Australia. Aust J Soil Res 44:433–451
Butler D, Cullis B, Gilmour R, Gogel B (2009) ASReml-R reference manual DPI&F Publications Department of Primary Industries and Fisheries GPO Box 46 Brisbane Qld. URL http://www.vsn-intl.com/products/asreml/. Accessed 20 July 2012
Cross A, Sohi SP (2011) The priming potential of biochar products in relation to labile carbon contents and soil organic matter status. Soil Biol Biochem 43:2127–2134
Cui HJ, Wang MK, Fu ML (2011) Enhancing phosphorus availability in phosphorus-fertilized zones by reducing phosphate adsorbed on ferrihydrite using rice straw-derived biochar. J Soils Sediments 11:1135–1141
R Development Core Team (2011) R: a language and environment for statistical computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria. ISBN 3-900051-07-0, URL http://www.R-project.org
Dorahy CG, Pirie AD, Pengelly P, Muirhead LM, Chan KY, Jackson M, Smith A, Emery T (2007) Guidelines for using compost in land rehabilitation and catchment management. Department of Environment and Climate Change NSW, Sydney
Enders A, Hanley K, Whitman T, Joseph S, Lehmann J (2012) Characterization of biochars to evaluate recalcitrance and agronomic performance. Bioresour Technol 114:644–653
FAO (1998) Distribution of ferralsols http://www.fao.org/ag/agl/agll/wrb/wrbmaps/htm/ferralso.htm. Accessed 30 March 2012
Fontvieille DA, Outaguerouine A, Thevenot DR (1991) Fluorescein diacetate hydrolysis as a measure of microbial activity in aquatic systems: application to activated sludges. Environ Technol 13:531–540
Forster JC (1998) Soil physical analysis. In: Alef K, Nannipieri P (eds) Methods in applied soil microbiology and biochemistry. Academic, London, pp 105–121
Fulkerson WJ, Donaghy DJ (1998) Growing perennial ryegrass/white closer pastures in the subtropical dairy zone. NSW Agriculture. ISBN 0 7313 1545 6
Fulkerson WJ, Donaghy DJ (2001) Plant-soluble carbohydrate reserves and senescence – key criteria for developing and effective grazing management system for ryegrass-based pastures: a review. Aust J Exp Agric 41:261–275
Gaunt JL, Lehmann J (2008) Energy balance and emissions associated with biochar sequestration and pyrolysis bioenergy production. Environ Sci Technol 42:4152–4158
Gillman GP, Sumpter EA (1986) Modification to the compulsive exchange method for measuring exchange characteristics of soils. Aust J Soil Res 24:61–66
Helling CS, Chesters G, Corey C (1964) Contribution of organic matter and clay to soil cation-exchange capacity as affected by the pH of the saturating solution. Soil Sci Soc Am Proc 28:517–520
Horneck DA, Miller RO (1998) Determination of total nitrogen in plant tissue. In: Handbook of reference methods for plant analysis. Soil Plant Analysis Council, CRC Press, LLC
Isbell RF (1994) Krasnozems- a profile. Aust J Soil Res 32:915–929
Isbell RF (1996) The Australian soil classification. CSIRO publishing, Collingwood
Jeffery S, Verheijen FGA, van der Velde M, Bastos AC (2011) A quantitative review of the effects of biochar application to soils on crop productivity using meta-analysis. Agric Ecosyst Environ 144:175–187
Kammann CI, Linsel S, Gößling JW, Koyro H-W (2011) Influence of biochar on drought tolerance of Chenopodium quinoa Willd and on soil–plant relations. Plant Soil 345:195–210
Keith A, Singh B, Singh BP (2011) Interactive priming of biochar and labile organic matter mineralization in a smectite-rich soil. Environ Sci Technol 45:9611–9618
Knolb S, Fermanich KJ, Dornbush ME (2009) Effect of charcoal quantity on microbial biomass and activity in temperate soils. Soil Sci Soc Am J 73:1173–1181
Krull ES, Baldock JA, Skjemstad JO, Smernik RJ (2009) Characteristics of biochar: organo-chemical properties. In: Lehmann J, Joseph S (eds) Biochar for environmental management. Earthscan Publications Ltd. ISBN: 9781844076581, pp 53–65
Lehmann J (2009) Biological carbon sequestration must and can be a win-win approach. Clim Chang 97:459–463
Lehmann J, Joseph S (eds) (2009) Biochar for environmental management: science and technology. Earthscan, London
Lowe KF, Fulkerson WJ, Walker RG, Armour JD, Bowdler TM, Slack K, Knight RI, Moody PW, Pepper P (2005) Comparative productivity of irrigated annual ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum) pasture receiving nitrogen, grown alone or in a mixture with white (Trifolium repens) and Persian (T. resupinatum) clovers. Aust J Exp Agric 45:21–39
Moody PW (1994) Chemical fertility of krasnozems: a review. Aust J Soil Res 32:1015–1041
Moody PW, Cong PT, Legrand J, Chon NQ (2008) A decision support framework for identifying soil constraints to the agricultural productivity of tropical upland soils. Soil Use Manag 24:148–155
Nelson N, Agudelo S, Yuan W, Gan J (2011) Nitrogen and phosphorus availability in biochar-amended soils. Soil Sci 176:218–226
Nicholls KD, Colwell JD, Tucker BM (1953) A survey of soils, and some aspects of soil fertility, in the Lismore District, New South Wales. Series 11. CSIRO Aust, Soils and Land Use
Noguera D, Rondón M, Laossi K-R, Hoyos V, Lavelle P, Cruz de Carvalho MH, Barot S (2010) Contrasted effect of biochar and earthworms on rice growth and resource allocation in different soils. Soil Biol Biochem 42:1017–1027
Oades JM (1995) Krasnozems- organic matter. Aust J Soil Res 33:43–57
Rayment GE, Higginson FR (1992) Australian laboratory handbook of soil and water chemical analysis. Inkata Press, Sydney
Rosa JM, Knicker H (2011) Bioavailability of N released from N-rich pyrogenic organic matter: an incubation study. Soil Biol Biochem 43:2368–2373
Schefe CR, Patti AF, Clune TS, Jackson WR (2007) Soil amendments modify phosphate sorption in an acid soil: the importance of P source (KH2PO4, TSP, DAP). Aust J Soil Res 45:246–254
Silber A, Levkovitch I, Graber ER (2010) pH-dependent mineral release and surface properties of cornstraw biochar: agronomic implications. Environ Sci Technol 44:9318–9323
Spain AV, Isbell RF, Probert ME (1983) Soil organic matter. In: ‘Soils: an Australian viewpoint’, Division of Soils, CSIRO. CSIRO: Melbourne/Academic Press: London pp 556–557
Standley J (1980) Phosphorous retention by a krasnozem soil and response by a guinea-centro pasture in the wet tropics. Trop Grasslands 14:69–77
Tagoe SO, Takatsugu Horiuchi T, Matsui T (2008) Effects of carbonized and dried chicken manures on the growth, yield, and N content of soybean. Plant Soil 306:211–220
USEPA (2000) Test methods for evaluating solid waste. Method 6010C. Revision 3, inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry
Vance ED, Brookes PC, Jenkinson DS (1987) An extraction method for measuring soil microbial biomass C. Soil Biol Biochem 19:703–707
Verheijen FGA, Jeffery S, Bastos AC, van der Velde M, Diafas I (2010) Biochar application to soils - a critical scientific review of effects on soil properties, processes and functions. EUR 24099 EN. Office for the Official Publications of the European Communities, Luxembourg, p 149
Wang T, Camps-Arbestain M, Hedley M, Bishop P (2012) Predicting phosphorus bioavailability from high-ash biochars. Plant Soil 357:173–187
Waters D, Van Zwieten L, Singh BP, Downie A, Cowie AL, Lehmann J (2011) Biochars in soil for climate change mitigation and adaptation. In: Singh BP, Cowie AL, Chan KY (eds) Soil health and climate change. Soil biology series. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, pp 345–368
Woolf D, Amonette JE, Street-Perrott FA, Lehmann J, Joseph S (2010) Sustainable biochar to mitigate global climate change. Nat Commun 1:1–9
Yuan J-H, Xu R-K, Wang N, Li J-Y (2011) Amendment of acid soils with crop residues and biochars. Pedosphere 21:302–308
Acknowledgments
The authors acknowledge the technical assistance provided by RH Bryant, A Janestski, S Petty, B Keen and J Rust in the conduct of these field studies. This work was undertaken as a component project funded by the Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research entitled ‘Improving the utilisation of water and soil resources for tree crop production in coastal areas of Vietnam and NSW’ (ACIAR project SMCN 2003-035). The authors would also like to thank the anonymous reviewers for their suggestions for improvement.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Responsible Editor: Johannes Lehmann.
Electronic supplementary material
Below is the link to the electronic supplementary material.
ESM 1
(DOC 25 kb)
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Slavich, P.G., Sinclair, K., Morris, S.G. et al. Contrasting effects of manure and green waste biochars on the properties of an acidic ferralsol and productivity of a subtropical pasture. Plant Soil 366, 213–227 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-012-1412-3
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-012-1412-3