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Identification of new S-RNase self-incompatibility alleles and characterization of natural mutations in Iranian almond cultivars

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Abstract

The two main objectives of this research were to identify new S-RNase alleles in Iranian almond cultivars and to characterize naturally occurring mutations in these alleles that may cause self-compatibility. We investigated S genotypes of 22 Iranian almond cultivars using stylar RNase electrophoresis, PCR and DNA sequencing. We report six previously unidentified P. dulcis S-RNase alleles (S 45 , S 46 , S 47 , S 48 , S 49 and S 50 ). Four of 12 tested S-RNases were found to be non-functional in vitro: S 49 , S 50 , S 24 /S na and S 25 /S 47 . Detected point mutations in the C3 coding region of S 49 - and S 50 -RNase, leading to the replacement of a highly conserved cysteine and histidine residues, are with the highest probability the reason of these S-RNases inactivity. Results also suggested that ten Iranian almond cultivars display unique S genotype. All presented data confirm Iranian cultivars as valuable almond sources which are of interest to almond breeding and conservation programs.

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Abbreviations

CIG:

Cross incompatibility group

IP:

Isoelectric point

SI:

Self-incompatibility

SC:

Self-compatibility

SP:

Signal peptide

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Acknowledgments

The authors are grateful to the Zanjan University, the Shahrekord University and Agriculture and Natural Resources Research Center of Karaj for financial assistance, and for providing plant material used in this work. We thank Dr. Ali Imani (Agriculture and Natural Resources Research Center of Karaj) for providing unpublished information about the field performance of the almond cultivars used in this study. We also thank Dr. Pedro Martínez-Gómez for his valuable comments and suggestions. We thank Ms Ivana Bosić for editing the manuscript.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Zanjan University, Zanjan, Iran

    Akram Hafizi & Bahram Maleki

  2. Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Plant Breeding and Biotechnology, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran

    Akram Hafizi & Behrouz Shiran

  3. Sections of Horticulture, Agriculture and Natural Resources Research Centre of Karaj, Karaj, Iran

    Ali Imani

  4. Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia

    Bojana Banović

  5. Institute of Biotechnology, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran

    Behrouz Shiran

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  1. Akram Hafizi
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  2. Behrouz Shiran
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Correspondence to Behrouz Shiran.

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Communicated by F. Canovas.

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Hafizi, A., Shiran, B., Maleki, B. et al. Identification of new S-RNase self-incompatibility alleles and characterization of natural mutations in Iranian almond cultivars. Trees 27, 497–510 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00468-012-0803-7

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