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Distribution of Photoperiod-Insensitive Alleles Ppd-D1a, Ppd-B1a, and Ppd-B1c in Winter Common Wheat Cultivars (Triticum aestivum L.) of Various Origin

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Abstract

Diagnostic molecular markers were used to identify the genotypes by Ppd-A1, Ppd-B1, and Ppd-D1 genes of 232 winter common wheat cultivars from different countries, including 161 from Ukraine. Among the studied cultivars, the most common was the Ppd-D1a allele (81%), ranging from 10% in the United States cultivars to 92% in the cultivars from Ukraine. The pedigree analysis showed that Bezosta 1, Red River 68, and Zlatna Dolina cultivars were donors of the Ppd-D1a gene in Ukrainian common wheat cultivars. Almost all cultivars created in Ukraine from 1970s to the present day have been carriers of the Ppd-D1a. The frequency of the Ppd-B1a and Ppd-B1c alleles in the total sampling was negligible: only 3 and 5%, respectively. Locus Ppd-A1 did not have allele variations; thus, all 232 genotypes were the carriers of the recessive allele Ppd-A1. In general, six different Ppd-1 genotypes were detected in the cultivars. Two (Russia) or three (the European Union, the United States, Ukraine) Ppd-1 genotypes were found in the cultivars from most countries. Four Ppd-1 genotypes were found only in Japanese cultivars, the sampling of which was quite small. A higher frequency (75%) was found only for the genotypes, dominant by the Ppd-D1a allele, ranging from 10% (the United States) to 89% (Ukraine). The frequency of all other monogenic or digenic dominant genotypes-carriers of the Ppd-1 genes was rather low (from 1 to 4%). The monogenic Ppd-B1a dominant genotype was observed only in three cultivars from the United States, and monogenic dominant genotype Ppd-B1c was revealed in the Japanese cultivar Norin 1 and the Triple Dirk C line from Australia. The genotype from the Ppd-D1a Ppd-B1a allele combination was identified in three cultivars from Japan and the Kyrgyz cultivar Erythrospermum 80, and Ppd-D1a Ppd-B1c were identified in single cultivars from Italy, Serbia, Japan, and five cultivars from Ukraine. There was a significant increase in the share of Ppd-D1a allele carriers and a simultaneous decrease in the proportion of genotypes with three recessive Ppd-1 genes in Ukrainian and Russian cultivars as compared with European and the United States cultivars.

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  1. Plant Breeding and Genetics Institute–National Center of Seed and Cultivar Investigation, 65036, Odesa, Ukraine

    V. I. Fait & I. A. Balashova

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Translated by V. Mittova

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Fait, V.I., Balashova, I.A. Distribution of Photoperiod-Insensitive Alleles Ppd-D1a, Ppd-B1a, and Ppd-B1c in Winter Common Wheat Cultivars (Triticum aestivum L.) of Various Origin. Cytol. Genet. 56, 109–117 (2022). https://doi.org/10.3103/S0095452722020049

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