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Importance of NAD+ Anabolism in Metabolic, Cardiovascular and Neurodegenerative Disorders

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Abstract

The role of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) in ageing has emerged as a critical factor in understanding links to a wide range of chronic diseases. Depletion of NAD+, a central redox cofactor and substrate of numerous metabolic enzymes, has been detected in many major age-related diseases. However, the mechanisms behind age-associated NAD+ decline remains poorly understood. Despite limited conclusive evidence, supplements aimed at increasing NAD+ levels are becoming increasingly popular. This review provides renewed insights regarding the clinical utility and benefits of NAD+ precursors, namely nicotinamide (NAM), nicotinic acid (NA), nicotinamide riboside (NR) and nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN), in attenuating NAD+ decline and phenotypic characterization of age-related disorders, including metabolic, cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases. While it is anticipated that NAD+ precursors can play beneficial protective roles in several conditions, they vary in their ability to promote NAD+ anabolism with differing adverse effects. Careful evaluation of the role of NAD+, whether friend or foe in ageing, should be considered.

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  1. Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, NPI, Euroa Centre, Prince of Wales Hospital, University of New South Wales, Barker Street, Randwick, Sydney, NSW, 2031, Australia

    Tessa Helman & Nady Braidy

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  1. Tessa Helman
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  2. Nady Braidy
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Correspondence to Nady Braidy.

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NB is a recipient of the NHMRC Emerging Leadership EL2 Award at the Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.

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Helman, T., Braidy, N. Importance of NAD+ Anabolism in Metabolic, Cardiovascular and Neurodegenerative Disorders. Drugs Aging 40, 33–48 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40266-022-00989-0

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