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Bone Quality in Relation to HIV and Antiretroviral Drugs

  • Co-infections and Comorbidity (D Bhattacharya, Section Editor)
  • Published:
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Abstract

Purpose of Review

People living with HIV (PLWH) are at an increased risk for osteoporosis, a disease defined by the loss of bone mineral density (BMD) and deterioration of bone quality, both of which independently contribute to an increased risk of skeletal fractures. While there is an emerging body of literature focusing on the factors that contribute to BMD loss in PLWH, the contribution of these factors to bone quality changes are less understood. The current review summarizes and critically reviews the data describing the effects of HIV, HIV disease-related factors, and antiretroviral drugs (ARVs) on bone quality.

Recent Findings

The increased availability of high-resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography has confirmed that both HIV infection and ARVs negatively affect bone architecture. There is considerably less data on their effects on bone remodeling or the composition of bone matrix. Whether changes in bone quality independently predict fracture risk, as seen in HIV-uninfected populations, is largely unknown.

Summary

The available data suggests that bone quality deterioration occurs in PLWH. Future studies are needed to define which factors, viral or ARVs, contribute to loss of bone quality and which bone quality factors are most associated with increased fracture risk.

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Acknowledgements

This study was supported by a subcontract from Cook County Clinical Research Site of the MWCCS (U01HL146245) and the National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin (NIAMS) under grant number AR079309 (RDR), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease (NIAID) under grant K24AI155230 (MTY), and National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI) under grant number 1U01HL14204 (AS). The contents of this publication are solely the responsibility of the authors and do not represent the official views of the National Institutes of Health (NIH).

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  1. Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA

    Arnold Z. Olali, Kelsey A. Carpenter, Maria Myers & Ryan D. Ross

  2. Microbial Pathogens and Immunity, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA

    Arnold Z. Olali, Lena Al-Harthi & Ryan D. Ross

  3. Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA

    Anjali Sharma

  4. Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA

    Michael T. Yin

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  1. Arnold Z. Olali
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Olali, A., Carpenter, K., Myers, M. et al. Bone Quality in Relation to HIV and Antiretroviral Drugs. Curr HIV/AIDS Rep 19, 312–327 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11904-022-00613-1

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