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Biotechnology and nanotechnology for remediation of chlorinated volatile organic compounds: current perspectives

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Abstract

Chlorinated volatile organic compounds (CVOCs) are persistent organic pollutants which are harmful to public health and the environment. Many CVOCs occur in substantial quantities in groundwater and soil, even though their use has been more carefully managed and restricted in recent years. This review summarizes recent data on several innovative treatment solutions for CVOC-affected media including bioremediation, phytoremediation, nanoscale zero-valent iron (nZVI)-based reductive dehalogenation, and photooxidation. There is no optimally developed single technology; therefore, the possibility of using combined technologies for CVOC remediation, for example bioremediation integrated with reduction by nZVI, is presented. Some methods are still in the development stage. Advantages and disadvantages of each treatment strategy are provided. It is hoped that this paper can provide a basic framework for selection of successful CVOC remediation strategies.

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Abbreviations

BNPs:

Bimetallic nanoparticles

CB:

Chlorobenzene

CF:

Chloroform

CT:

Carbon tetrachloride

CVOC:

Chlorinated volatile organic compound

CW:

Constructed wetland

DCA:

Dichloroethane

DCAA:

Dichloroacetic acid

DCE:

Dichloroethene

DNAPL:

Dense non-aqueous phase liquid

EK:

Electrokinetics

HCH:

Hexachlorocyclohexane

HPRMF:

Hydroponic plant root mat filter

MCB:

Monochlorobenzene

PCA:

Tetrachloroethane

PCE:

Perchloroethylene

PRB:

Permeable reactive barrier

TCA:

Trichloroethane

TCAA:

Trichloroacetic acid

TCB:

Trichlorobenzene

TCE:

Trichloroethene

TCEtOH:

Trichloroethanol

THM:

Trihalomethane

ZVI:

Zero-valent iron

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  1. Department of Environment, Geology, and Natural Resources, Ball State University, Muncie, IN, 47306, USA

    Parisa Ebrahimbabaie & John Pichtel

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Ebrahimbabaie performed the conceptualization of the article, Ebrahimbabaie and Pichtel performed the literature search and drafting of the text, and Pichtel critically revised the work and prepared the figures.

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Ebrahimbabaie, P., Pichtel, J. Biotechnology and nanotechnology for remediation of chlorinated volatile organic compounds: current perspectives. Environ Sci Pollut Res 28, 7710–7741 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-020-11598-y

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-020-11598-y

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