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Contrasting phenology of Eucalyptus grandis fine roots in upper and very deep soil layers in Brazil

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Abstract

Background and aims

While the role of deep roots in major ecosystem services has been shown for tropical forests, there have been few direct measurements of fine root dynamics at depths of more than 2 m. The factors influencing root phenology remain poorly understood, creating a gap in the knowledge required for predicting the effects of climate change. We set out to gain an insight into the fine root phenology of fast-growing trees in deep tropical soils.

Methods

Fine root growth and mortality of Eucalyptus grandis trees were observed fortnightly using minirhizotrons down to a soil depth of 6 m, from 2 to 4 years after planting.

Results

In the topsoil, the highest live root length production was during the rainy summer (20 cm m−2 d−1) whereas, below 2 m deep, it was at the end of the dry winter (51 cm m−2 d−1). The maximum root elongation rates increased with soil depth to 3.6 cm d−1 in the 5–6 m soil layer.

Conclusions

Our study shows that the effect of the soil depth on the seasonal variations in fine root growth should be taken into account when modelling the carbon, water and nutrient cycles in forests growing on deep tropical soils.

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Acknowledgements

We would like to thank staff of Itatinga Research Station (ESALQ/USP) and Eder Araujo da Silva (Floragro) for their technical support. George R. Lambais was funded by the São Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP, project 2011/06412-3). The study received financial support from the Eucflux project funded by Brazilian forestry companies (AcelorMittal, Cenibra, Bahia Specialty, Duratex, Fibria, International Paper, Klabin, Suzano, and Vallourec), IPEF, CIRAD, North Carolina State University, Agence Nationale de la Recherche (MACACC project ANR-13-AGRO-0005, AGROBIOSPHERE 2013 program), and SOERE F-ORE-T, which is supported annually by Ecofor, Allenvi and the French National Research Infrastructure ANAEE-F (http://www.anaee-france.fr).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Center for Nuclear Energy in Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, São Paulo, 13416-000, Brazil

    George Rodrigues Lambais & Marisa de Cássia Piccolo

  2. CIRAD, UMR Eco&Sols, F-34398, Montpellier, France

    Christophe Jourdan, Amandine Germon, Yann Nouvellon, Agnès Robin, Jean-Pierre Bouillet, Guerric le Maire & Jean-Paul Laclau

  3. Eco&Sols, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, INRA, IRD, Montpellier SupAgro, Montpellier, France

    Christophe Jourdan, Yann Nouvellon, Jean-Pierre Bouillet, Guerric le Maire & Jean-Paul Laclau

  4. School of Agricultural Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, 18610-300, Brazil

    Amandine Germon, Rafael Costa Pinheiro & Jean-Paul Laclau

  5. Suzano Papel e Celulose Brasil, Itapetininga, São Paulo, 18207-780, Brazil

    José Luiz Stape

  6. Department of Agriculture Biodiversity and Forest, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Curitibanos, Santa Catarina, 89520-000, Brazil

    Otávio Camargo Campoe

  7. ESALQ, Universidade de São Paulo, Piracicaba, SP, CEP 13418-900, Brazil

    Agnès Robin

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  1. George Rodrigues Lambais
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  2. Christophe Jourdan
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Correspondence to Jean-Paul Laclau.

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Lambais, G.R., Jourdan, C., de Cássia Piccolo, M. et al. Contrasting phenology of Eucalyptus grandis fine roots in upper and very deep soil layers in Brazil. Plant Soil 421, 301–318 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-017-3460-1

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