Abstract
Aims
Phosphorus (P) addition can help restore degraded Chinese grasslands. Soil P-availability affects the plant niche dynamics. However, the dynamics of niche characteristics are not yet understood, particularly for above- and belowground differences between species and plant–microbe interactions that generate these dynamics.
Methods
We conducted a long-term field P-fertilization experiment (0 to 12.5 g P m−2 year−1) to explore the impacts of P addition on the niche dynamics of a competitive forb (Chenopodium aristatum, a non-mycorrhizal C4 plant) and a dominant grass (Leymus chinensis, a mycorrhizal C3 plant) in a temperate grassland in Inner Mongolia, northern China.
Results
Phosphorus addition greatly changed the niche and exacerbated aboveground competition between C. aristatum and L. chinensis. Competitive exclusion of L. chinensis occurred at all levels, except P2.5. Photosynthesis and above- and belowground morphology of C. aristatum responded more to P1 due to its high photosynthetic plasticity and nutrient resorption, which was associated with its competitive advantage. Although NO peaked at P2.5, carbon assimilation and rhizosheath microbial biomass of L. chinensis were optimal. Alleviated NO at P5 and P12.5 was associated with segregation of root morphologies and rhizosheath microbial composition. However, surplus niches at P5 and P12.5 were occupied by invasive sub-shrubs, associating with the mismatched plant–microbe feedbacks of C. aristatum and L. chinensis.
Conclusions
Our findings suggest that rhizosheath microbes mediate trade-offs between a host plant’s P-conservation and acquisition and highlight the importance of above- and belowground co-responses to community productivity and stability under P addition.
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Data availability
The datasets generated during and/or analysed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.
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Funding
This work was funded by the National Key R&D Program of China (Grant No. 2022YFF1303404) and National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 32230065). We are grateful to Inner Mongolia University for providing us with the study site and Laboratory analysis and Testing Center of State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology for helping with the fieldwork and experiments.
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Jirui Gong designed the experiment. Weiyuan Zhang, Siqi Zhang, and Xuede Dong performed sample preparation. Weiyuan Zhang performed the laboratory experiments, analyzed the data, drew figures and tables, and wrote the first draft. Jirui Gong and Hans Lambers made a major contribution to the final version. Siqi Zhang, Xuede Dong, Yuxia Hu, Guisen Yang, and Chenyi Yan contributed to the interpretation of the results and writing of the manuscript.
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Zhang, W., Gong, J., Zhang, S. et al. Soil phosphorus availability affects niche characteristics of dominant C3 perennial and sub-dominant C4 annual species in a typical temperate grassland of northern China. Plant Soil (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-024-06655-1
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-024-06655-1