Abstract
In the context of more electrical aircraft, electromechanical de-icing systems provide a low-energy solution to protect aircraft’s surfaces from ice buildup. Such systems produce deformation of the protected surface leading to a stress production within the ice and, ultimately, to ice shedding thanks to fracture. However, these systems may show limitations when it comes to completely protect a given surface. Ice delamination is often restricted to a part of the surface and the remaining ice either requires more energy to be removed or is just impossible to remove. In this paper, topology optimization of the substrate covered by ice is thus investigated to increase fracture propagation and ice shedding. For that purpose, an optimization problem, involving the energy release rate but also the mass and the substrate stress, is formulated. The numerical results show how the delamination efficiency of mechanical based ice protection systems can be improved through the topology modification of the substrate.
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This work has been partially funded by STAE foundation through the ReMOVEICE project and by ISAE-SUPAERO.
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The algorithm is described in this paper together with numerical parameters. Numerical results are obtained with a 2D sequential code writing in Python and starting from scratch. The code implements mesh reading and writing, \({\mathbb {P}}_1\) finite element solver, filtering, objective and constraints evaluations, and sensitivities’ computation. The external Python package nlopt (Johnson 2014) is used for updating densities with MMA. Mesh generation is done with gmsh (Geuzaine and Remacle 2009) which provides MSH files to the code. Results are written in the VTK file format and are visualized with Paraview (Ahrens et al. 2005).
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Marbœuf, A., Budinger, M., Pommier-Budinger, V. et al. Improving mechanical ice protection systems with topology optimization. Struct Multidisc Optim 65, 147 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00158-022-03235-8
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00158-022-03235-8