Hydro Saline Metabolism

This book provides an overview of endocrine diseases associated with alterations of salt metabolism, with a focus on clinical and pathophysiological aspects. It covers various topics in the endocrine control of salt and water homeostasis, such as neuroendocrine determinants of water balance, adrenal hormone biosynthesis, hormonal function in target renal cells, and dysfunction of hormonal target effectors in the kidney. It also features an update on the clinical management of these diseases, including new diagnostic and therapeutic tools.

Written by a combination of recognized and emerging experts in the field, this book is intended as a major reference work, not only for endocrinologists and nephrologists, but also for pediatricians, neonatologists, cardiologists, and emergency medicine and intensive care specialists, who can be faced with the management of endocrine diseases responsible of salt and water imbalance.

The book is part of the SpringerReference program, which provides access to ‘living editions’ that are constantly updated using a dynamic, peer-review publishing process.

Massimiliano Caprio is full professor of endocrinology at San Raffaele Roma Open University, Rome, Italy, since 2019. He is the head of the Laboratory of Cardiovascular Endocrinology at the Research Center of IRCCS San Raffaele in Rome since 2009 and consultant endocrinologist and diabetologist at CTO Alesini Hospital, University of Rome Tor Vergata, since 2007. He received his MD (1995) and board certification (2001) in endocrinology from Sapienza University of Rome. He obtained a PhD in endocrine sciences from the University of Rome Tor Vergata in 2006. Prof. Caprio was an attending physician in the Units of Nuclear Medicine at Bichat Claude-Bernard Hospital and Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital in Paris, France (2003–2005). He was a visiting fellow at the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development at the National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, USA (1997–1998), and a postdoctoral fellow in the Unit of Experimental Medicine (U36) at INSERM in Collège de France in Paris, France (2003–2007). He has been adjunct professor of Endocrinology at the Catholic University “Zoja e Këshillit të Mirë” in Tirana, Albania (2013–2016). Prof. Caprio has several national and international committee memberships and editorships. Currently, he is specialty chief editor for Frontiers in Clinical Diabetes and Healthcare (Section on Diabetes Geographical Inequalities) and senior editor for the Journal of Endocrinology and Journal of Molecular Endocrinology. He is also associate editor for the Journal of Diabetes and Its Complications and Frontiers in Endocrinology (Section on Obesity). He is an international member of the French National Research Agency (Commission 17 – Translational Research in Health) and has served as a member of the Annual Meeting Steering Committee of the Endocrine Society (USA) from 2020. He is also a member of the Executive Committee of the Italian Society of Endocrinology (SIE) and deputy coordinator of the Scientific Committee of SIE. He has been coordinator of the Cardiovascular Endocrinology Club of SIE since 2017. Prof. Caprio has an internationally recognized expertise in the exploration of the roles of mineralocorticoid receptor activation in adipose tissue and vessels. He has contributed a large amount of studies on the pathophysiology of adipose proliferation and endothelial inflammation due to excessive mineralocorticoid activation. His research interests focus on the cardiovascular and metabolic effects of novel nonsteroidal mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists, as well as on the interactions between nutritional status, ketone bodies, and the components of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone-system. Prof. Caprio is co-inventor of a patent (Mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists for the treatment of corticoidinduced obesity – Code: WO 2012/059594 A1) and has authored more than 150 scientific publications. He has been invited to be a guest speaker and/or visiting scientist by many national and international academic and scientific institutions and has given numerous lectures around the globe (France, Netherlands, Germany, Switzerland, Denmark, Spain, Greece, Poland, Albania, UK, USA, Canada, Australia, Japan, Brazil, etc.).

Dr. Fabio Luiz Fernandes-Rosa, MD, PhD, is a senior researcher at the Paris Cardiovascular Research Center (PARCC) – Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale (Inserm) U970, in the “Genetic Mechanisms of Aldosterone-Related Disorders Towards Integrative Precision Medicine” Team. He received his MD at the Federal University of Triangulo Mineiro (Brazil) in 1998 and board certification in Pediatrics and Pediatric Endocrinology (2003) at the School of Medicine of Ribeirao Preto (University of Sao Paulo, Brazil). He received his Master’s Degree (2005) and PhD (2009) in Pediatrics and Pediatric Endocrinology at the University of Sao Paulo on the clinical and genetic characterization of families with renal pseudohypoaldosteronism type 1. He is aformer attending physician at the Pediatric Endocrinology Service of the University Hospital of the School of Medicine of Ribeirao Preto (University of Sao Paulo, Brazil) from 2004 to 2009. He completed his postdoctoral studies at Inserm unit 970 (Paris, France) under the direction of Prof. Maria-Christina Zennaro, focusing on the molecular aspects of aldosterone action and the genetic basis of primary aldosteronism and the development of aldosterone-producing adenomas. His research interests have focused for the last 15 years on the clinical and genetic aspects of endocrinology and pediatric endocrinology, in particular translational research in aldosterone-related disorders as pseudohypoaldosteronism type 1 and primary aldosteronism. His actual project concerns genome-wide strategy to explore the genetics and genomics of aldosterone response in target tissues, aiming at the discovery of new mineralocorticoid axis components with potential therapeutic options for hypertension and salt-wasting syndromes. In parallel, he works on the genetics of primary aldosteronism and molecular determinants of adrenal gland pathophysiology. Dr. Fernandes-Rosa is a member of the Endocrine Society and French Society of Endocrinology and participates actively in the scientific dissemination, being invited as a speaker in national and international scientific meetings. He is associate editor of Frontiers Cellular Endocrinology (specialty section of Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology and Frontiers in Endocrinology), has been invited editor for Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology, and is a reviewer for many scientific journals focusing on endocrinology and cardiovascular diseases.