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Syndrome of Inappropriate Antidiuresis

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Hydro Saline Metabolism

Part of the book series: Endocrinology ((ENDOCR))

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Abstract

Hyponatremia is the most common fluid and electrolyte disorder found in clinical practice and, in both acute and chronic forms, can be associated with several adverse outcomes.

Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuresis (SIAD) is the most common cause of euvolemic hyponatremia, and its diagnosis requires compliance with a well-defined clinical and biochemical criteria.

The choice of therapy for SIAD is guided by its underlying etiology and the initial aim of treatment. The latter is in turn guided by the severity of neurologic symptoms. The most appropriate treatment should be tailored to the individual patient and derived from clinical judgment and a risk/benefit analysis. Management strategies employed include fluid restriction, intravenous 3% saline solution, vasopressin receptor antagonists, urea, furosemide, and salt tablets.

Acute symptomatic hyponatremia due to SIAD is frequent in the early postoperative period following transsphenoidal surgery. However, the diagnosis and therapy of this potentially life-threatening disorder are still a challenge and require a multidisciplinary approach.

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  1. Endocrinology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy

    Emanuele Ferrante & Júlia Ferreira de Carvalho

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  1. Emanuele Ferrante
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  2. Júlia Ferreira de Carvalho
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  1. Department of Human Sciences and Promotion of the Quality of Life, San Raffaele Roma Open University, Rome, Italy

    Massimiliano Caprio

  2. Université Paris Cité, PARCC, Inserm, Paris, France

    Fabio Luiz Fernandes-Rosa

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Ferrante, E., de Carvalho, J.F. (2023). Syndrome of Inappropriate Antidiuresis. In: Caprio, M., Fernandes-Rosa, F.L. (eds) Hydro Saline Metabolism. Endocrinology. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-27119-9_6

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