Abstract
Platform molecules were defined by the US Department of Energy, as bio-based or bio-derived chemicals whose constituting elements totally originated from biomass and could be used as building blocks for the production of commodity and refined chemicals. These chemicals can subsequently be converted into a number of high-value bio-based chemicals or materials. Today, there is a growing urge for the discovering of a cheaper and cleaner way for the environment to produce platform molecules from renewable substrate such as carbon. Succinic acid (SA) is considered as a key platform chemical since it is used as a precursor for other valuable chemicals and has aroused interest worldwide with its wide applications. This review aims at highlighting the currently available information about the mechanisms involved in the production of platform molecules, especially the SA production. In this review, the processing technologies used in the production of platform molecules are described, in addition to the information regarding the optimization of key parameters, the mechanisms of genetic engineering and finally the redox potential and purification processes which are known as alternative cost-competitive providers of fossil fuels.
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Abbreviations
- 5K4DG:
-
5Dehydro-4-deoxy-d-glucarate
- 5KG:
-
5-Ketogluconate
- A6P:
-
Ascorbate-6-phosphate
- AcCoA:
-
Acetyl-CoA
- AcP:
-
Acetyl-phosphate
- Ald:
-
Aldehyde
- Ara:
-
Arabinose
- DHAP:
-
Dihydroxyacetone phosphate
- E4P:
-
Erythrose-4-phosphate
- F1,6P:
-
Fructose-1,6-biphosphate
- F1P:
-
Fructose-1-phospshate
- F6P:
-
Fructose-6-phosphate
- G1P:
-
Glucose-1-phosphate
- Gal:
-
Galactose
- Gal1P:
-
Galactose-1-phosphate
- Galte:
-
Galactarate
- Glc:
-
Glucose
- Glcte:
-
Glucarate
- Gly:
-
Glycerol
- Gt6P:
-
Gluconate-6-phosphate
- Gte:
-
Gluconate
- Ido:
-
Idonate
- KDPG:
-
2-Keto-3deoxy-6-phosphogluconate
- Lac:
-
Lactose
- Mal:
-
Maltose
- Man6P:
-
Mannose-6-phosphate
- MOH1P:
-
Mannitol-1-phosphate
- Pec:
-
Pectin
- R5P:
-
Ribose-5-phosphate
- Rib:
-
Ribose
- Ribu:
-
Ribulose
- Ru5P:
-
Ribulose-5-phosphate
- S6P:
-
Sucrose-6-phosphate
- S7P:
-
Sedoheptulose-7phosphate
- SOH6P:
-
Sorbitol-6-phosphate
- SucCoA:
-
Succinyl-CoA
- Xu5P:
-
Xylulose-5phosphate
- Xyl:
-
Xylose
- Xylu:
-
Xylulose
- βG6P:
-
β-Glucoside-6-phosphate
- SA:
-
Succinic acid
- GA:
-
Glutamic acid
- ORP:
-
Oxydoreduction potential
- US DOE:
-
The United State Department of energy
- NREL:
-
National Renewable Energy Laboratory reports
- CEN:
-
European Committee Standardized
- HMF:
-
Hydroxymethylfurfural
- FDCA:
-
2,5-Furandicarboxylic acid
- ATP:
-
Adenosine triphosphate
- NAD + :
-
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide
- PEP:
-
Phosphoenolpyruvate
- TCA:
-
Tricarboxylic cycle acid
- LDH :
-
Lactose-dehydrogenase
- PFL :
-
Pyruvate formate lyase
- CSL:
-
Corn steep liquor
- OPPP:
-
Oxidative pentose phosphate pathway
- OAA:
-
Oxaloacetate
- RO:
-
Reverse osmosis
- PTS:
-
Phosphotransferase synthase
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The authors would like to thank the municipality of Bebnine, North-Lebanon for financial support through the Education Program of Lebanese students. The authors thank Marie-Anne Hairan (UniLasalle-EME) for her critical reading of the manuscript and helpful comments for improving the English.
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Salma, A., Djelal, H., Abdallah, R. et al. Platform molecule from sustainable raw materials; case study succinic acid. Braz. J. Chem. Eng. 38, 215–239 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s43153-021-00103-8
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s43153-021-00103-8