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Biopolymer production by halotolerant bacteria isolated from Caatinga biome

  • Biotechnology and Industrial Microbiology - Research Paper
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Abstract

Saline environments are extreme habitats with a high diversity of microorganisms source of a myriad of biomolecules. These microorganisms are assigned as extremophiles recognized to be producers of new natural compounds, which can be synthesized by helping to survive under harshness and extreme conditions. In Brazil, in the saline and semi-arid region of Areia Branca (Caatinga biome), halotolerant bacteria (able to growth at high NaCl concentrations) were isolated from rhizosphere of native plants Blutaparon portulacoides and Spergularia sp. and their biopolymer production was studied. A total of 25 bacterial isolates were identified at genus level based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis. Isolates were mainly Gram-positive bacteria from Bacillaceae, Staphylococcaceae, Microbacteriaceae, and Bacillales XII incertae sedis families, affiliates to Bacillus, Staphylococcus, Curtobacterium, and Exiguobacterium genera, respectively. One of the Gram-negative isolates was identified as member of the Pseudomonadaceae family, genus Pseudomonas. All the identified strains were halotolerant bacteria with optimum growth at 0.6–2.0 M salt concentrations. Assays for biopolymer production showed that the halotolerant strains are a rich source of compounds as polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA), biodegradable biopolymer, such as poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB) produced from low-cost substrates, and exopolysaccharides (EPS), such as hyaluronic acid (HA), metabolite of great interest to the cosmetic and pharmaceutical industry. Also, eight bacterial EPS extracts showed immunostimulatory activity, promising results that can be used in biomedical applications. Overall, our findings demonstrate that these biomolecules can be produced in culture medium with 0.6–2.0 M NaCl concentrations, relevant feature to avoid costly production processes. This is the first report of biopolymer-producing bacteria from a saline region of Caatinga biome that showed important biological activities.

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All data generated or analyzed during this study are included in this published article (and its supplementary information files).

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Funding

This work was supported by CAPES (Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior) with scholarships to MPPP, JCR, and MAF. Fellowship from National Council for Scientific and Technological Development CNPq to LFS (309086/2018-3). Fapesp Grant (Fundação de Apoio à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo) to GP (2009/52665-4; 2010/51458-9).

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  1. Bioproducts Laboratory, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil

    Maria Paula Parada-Pinilla, Maria Alejandra Ferreira, Juan Camilo Roncallo, Luiziana F. Silva, Leandro Maza Garrido & Gabriel Padilla

  2. Environmental Microbiology Laboratory, Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (Embrapa), São Paulo, Brazil

    Suikinai Nobre Santos & Itamar Soares Melo

  3. Laboratory of Bioprospecting and Marine Biotechnology, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil

    Alexia Nathália Brígido Assef & Diego Veras Wilke

  4. Molecular Biology and Microbial Ecology Laboratory, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil

    Welington Luiz Araújo

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  1. Maria Paula Parada-Pinilla
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All authors contributed to the study conception and design. Material preparation, data collection, and analysis were performed by Maria Paula Parada-Pinilla, Maria Alejandra Ferreira, Juan Camilo Roncallo, and Alexia Nathália Brígido Assef. The draft of the manuscript was written by Maria Paula Parada-Pinilla and Gabriel Padilla, and all authors commented on previous versions of the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

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Correspondence to Gabriel Padilla.

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Parada-Pinilla, M.P., Ferreira, M.A., Roncallo, J.C. et al. Biopolymer production by halotolerant bacteria isolated from Caatinga biome. Braz J Microbiol 52, 547–559 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s42770-021-00426-1

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