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A Review of Food–Drug Interactions on Oral Drug Absorption

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Abstract

Food effect, also known as food–drug interactions, is a common phenomenon associated with orally administered medications and can be defined as changes in absorption rate or absorption extent. The mechanisms of food effect and their consequences can involve multiple factors, including human post-prandial physiology, properties of the drug, and how the drug is administered. Therefore, it is essential to have a thorough understanding of these mechanisms when recommending whether a specific drug should be taken with or without food. Food–drug interactions can be clinically relevant, especially when they must be avoided to prevent undesirable effects or exploited to optimize medication therapy. This review conducts a literature search that examined studies on food effect. We summarized the literature and identified and discussed common food effect mechanisms. Furthermore, we highlighted drugs that have a clinically significant food effect and discussed the corresponding mechanisms. In addition, this review analyzes the effects of high-fat food or standard meals on the oral drug absorption rate and absorption extent for 229 drugs based on the Biopharmaceutics Drug Disposition Classification System and demonstrates an association between Biopharmaceutics Drug Disposition Classification System class and food effect.

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Acknowledgements

We thank our colleagues from the School of Pharmacy, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, for helpful advice and discussion.

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  1. School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong

    Jianyuan Deng, Xiao Zhu, Chun Ho Fan, Him Shek Kwan, Chi Ho Wong, Ka Yi Shek, Zhong Zuo & Tai Ning Lam

  2. State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Laboratory of Chemical Biology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China

    Zongmeng Chen

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This project is partially supported by research Grants from the Hong Kong Research Grants Council, Early Career Scheme (CUHK 489813).

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Jianyuan Deng, Xiao Zhu, Zongmeng Chen, Chun Ho Fan, Him Shek Kwan, Chi Ho Wong, Ka Yi Shek, Zhong Zuo, and Tai Ning Lam have no conflicts of interest directly relevant to the content of this article.

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Deng, J., Zhu, X., Chen, Z. et al. A Review of Food–Drug Interactions on Oral Drug Absorption. Drugs 77, 1833–1855 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40265-017-0832-z

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