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Fabrication of an osteochondral graft with using a solid freeform fabrication system

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Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine Aims and scope

Abstract

Current approaches for the engineering of osteochondral grafts are associated with poor tissue formation and compromised integration at the interface between the cartilage and bone layers. Many researchers have attempted to provide osteochondral grafts of combined cartilage and bone for osteochondral repair to help overcome the limitations of standard procedures. Solid freeform fabrication is recognized as a promising tool for creating tissue engineering scaffolds due to advantages such as superior interconnectivity and a highly porous structure. This study aimed to develop a three-dimensional plotting system to enable the manufacturing of a biphasic graft consisting cartilage and subchondral bone for application to osteochondral defects. The material advantages of both synthetic (poly L lactide-co-polyglycolide) and natural (alginate) polymers were combined for a supporting frame and cell printing. Specifically, in order to promote the maturity of the osteochondral graft in our study, cartilage-derived ECM (cECM) or hydroxyapatate (HA) substances blended with alginate was plotted together with human fetal cartilage-derived progenitor cells in the cartilage or subchondral bone layer under a multi-nozzle deposition system. Notably, a plotted biphasic graft shows good integration between cartilage and subchondral bone layers without structural separation. Furthermore, the non-toxicity of the cECM and HA substances were proved from a live/dead assay of plotted cell-laden alginate. A fabricated osteochondral graft with cECM and HA substances showed dominant cartilage and bone tissue formation in a differentiation assay. Future studies should be done to modify the alginate physical properties for long-lasting structural stability.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Cell Therapy Center, Ajou University Medical Center, Suwon, Korea

    Soon Sim Yang, Woo Hee Choi, Bo Ram Song, He Jin, Su Jeong Lee, Young Jick Kim & Byoung-Hyun Min

  2. Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon, Korea

    Soon Sim Yang, Woo Hee Choi, Bo Ram Song, Su Jeong Lee & Byoung-Hyun Min

  3. Department of Orthopedic Surgery, School of Medicine, Ajou University, Suwon, Korea

    He Jin & Byoung-Hyun Min

  4. Department of Nature-Inspired Nano Convergence System, Korea Institute of Machinery & Materials, Daejeon, Korea

    Su Hee Lee & Junhee Lee

  5. Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Inha University, Incheon, Korea

    So Ra Park

  6. Department of Biomedical Engineering, Jungwon University, Goesan, Korea

    Sang-Hyug Park

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  1. Soon Sim Yang
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  2. Woo Hee Choi
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  4. He Jin
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  7. Junhee Lee
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  9. So Ra Park
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  10. Sang-Hyug Park
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  11. Byoung-Hyun Min
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Correspondence to Sang-Hyug Park or Byoung-Hyun Min.

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Yang, S.S., Choi, W.H., Song, B.R. et al. Fabrication of an osteochondral graft with using a solid freeform fabrication system. Tissue Eng Regen Med 12, 239–248 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13770-015-0001-y

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13770-015-0001-y

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