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Biomass and lipid characterization of microalgae genera Botryococcus, Chlorella, and Desmodesmus aiming high-value fatty acid production

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Abstract

Microalgae have been largely considered for biofuel production; however, further research focusing on its wide potential also in food, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical industries is still scarce. It is a promising raw material for several bioproducts, due to high growth rate, CO2 biofixation, and nutrient assimilation from wastewater and does not require large areas for cultivation compared to conventional crops. This study characterized six microalgae (Chlorella sp., C. vulgaris, Desmodesmus sp., D. brasiliensis, Botryococcus braunii, and B. terribilis) regarding growth parameters, total protein, carbohydrate, lipid, ash, and chlorophyll contents. The focus was lipid composition; thus, detailed results of fatty acid profile and polar lipid identification in total lipids are presented. The highest biomass productivity (42.6 mg L−1 day−1) and third highest lipid content (21.9%) were achieved by C. vulgaris, with 23.0% α-linolenic and 5.6% γ-linolenic in total fatty acids. Both are of interest for food and pharmaceutical industries and a vegan alternative to currently consumed fish oil. B. braunii showed higher lipid accumulation, oleic acid as the major fatty acid, but significantly low growth rate. B. terribilis presented intense lipid accumulation, at intra- and extracellular levels, but a high percentage of lipids should be hydrocarbons. Lipid and biomass characterization identified different bioproducts and high-value food additives that could be explored to establish a multi-product biorefinery instead of focusing exclusively on biodiesel production, which has been extensively studied but is not economic competitive in the current market.

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Acknowledgments

The authors thank the National Institute of Science and Technology on Photonics Applied to Cell Biology (INFABIC) at the University of Campinas for providing access to equipment and assistance in microscopy analysis; the Thomson Mass Spectrometry Laboratory from the Institute of Chemistry at UNICAMP for providing polar lipid analysis; and Márcia C. F. Messias, from São Francisco University, for the assistance with solid-phase extraction methodology. The authors also thank Espaço da Escrita – Pró-Reitoria de Pesquisa – UNICAMP – for the language services provided.

Funding

This study was supported by the National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq), grant # 166844/2017-9, and the São Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP), grants # 2014/10064-9 and 2015/20630-4.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Chemical Engineering (FEQ), University of Campinas, UNICAMP, 500 Albert Einsten Av, Campinas, São Paulo, 13083-852, Brazil

    Gabriela F. Ferreira, Luisa F. Ríos Pinto, Rubens Maciel Filho & Leonardo V. Fregolente

  2. São Francisco University, USF, Bragança Paulista, São Paulo, Brazil

    Patrícia O. Carvalho

  3. Thomson Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Department of Organic Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry (IQ), University of Campinas, UNICAMP, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil

    Mirela B. Coelho & Marcos N. Eberlin

  4. School of Engineering, Mackenzie Presbyterian University, Campinas, São Paulo, SP, 01302-907, Brazil

    Marcos N. Eberlin

Authors
  1. Gabriela F. Ferreira
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  2. Luisa F. Ríos Pinto
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  3. Patrícia O. Carvalho
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  4. Mirela B. Coelho
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  5. Marcos N. Eberlin
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  6. Rubens Maciel Filho
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  7. Leonardo V. Fregolente
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Contributions

Ferreira, G.F.: conducted the experiments, especially acquisition and data interpretation; Ríos Pinto, L.F.: supervised and conceptualized the study and critically reviewed the manuscript; Carvalho, P.O.: contributed to SPE acquisition, data analysis and interpretation, and reviewed the manuscript; Coelho, M.B. and Eberlin, M.N.: carried out the GC/MS acquisition, data analysis and interpretation, and reviewed the manuscript; Fregolente, L.V. and Maciel Filho, R.: critically reviewed the manuscript and supervised the project.

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Correspondence to Luisa F. Ríos Pinto.

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The original online version of this article was revised: In the version of this article initially published, there was an error in Fig. 2.

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Ferreira, G.F., Ríos Pinto, L.F., Carvalho, P.O. et al. Biomass and lipid characterization of microalgae genera Botryococcus, Chlorella, and Desmodesmus aiming high-value fatty acid production. Biomass Conv. Bioref. 11, 1675–1689 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13399-019-00566-3

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