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Design and development of annatto (Bixa orellana L.) seed separator machine

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Abstract

A small, continuous power operated machine with a capacity of 132 kg/h was designed, fabricated and evaluated its performance for separation of annatto (Bixa orellana L.) seeds from freshly harvested pods. Physical and engineering parameters of annatto pods and seeds were evaluated to design a machine. The densities of pod, seed, and husk are 134.7 to 186.0 kg/m3, 1206 to 1253.9 kg/m3, 317 to 381.4 kg/m3 respectively. The moisture content of seeds were in the range 18.83 – 20.1 % (db) and pod 8 to 10 % (db). Bixin content of seed was in the range 1.34 to 1.765 %. The friction angle for pod, seed, and husk lies between angle 30.15° to 35.76°. Breaking force was 98 N at a span of 14.5 mm. The machine consisted of concentric cylinders and beaters with different pitch of 40, 45 and 50 mm and a length of shaft is 800 mm. The actual machine output was observed to be 132.5 kg/h. Maximum bixin content was found to be retained at 300 rpm.

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Abbreviations

N sh :

Rotational speed of rotor cylinder shaft in rpm

T:

Torque applied, N m

P:

Power, watt

E1 :

Kinetic energy, joule

Vlin :

Linear velocity m s−1

m1 :

Mass of beater in N

m2 :

Mass of annatto pod in N

δV:

Change in velocity after collision, m s−1

E0 :

Energy required to break one pod, joule

Fmax :

Maximum cutting (shear) force, N

Dpod :

Diameter of annatto pod, m

D in :

Inner cylinder, m

D eff :

Effective diameter, m

g:

Gravitational force, 9.81 ms−1

D sh :

Diameter rotor cylinder shaft, m

K t :

Co-efficient of fatigue and shock factor in torsion, 1.5

k b :

Co-efficient of fatigue and shock factor in bending, 2

M :

Bending moment, N m

τ :

Shear stress, N m−2

Wbtt :

Weight of each beater, kg

L:

Length of beater, m

R2 :

Radial distance between centre of rotor shaft to the circumference of inner cylinder, m

Ym :

Deflection at midpoint, m

W:

Total weight, kg

Wsh :

Weight of shaft, kg

E:

Young’s modulus of mild steel, 210 GPa

L sh :

Length of rotor shaft, m

N c :

Critical speed of shaft, rpm

K:

Radius of gyration

R n :

Number of rows

M:

Equivalent mass, kg

De :

Dehulling Efficiency

μ:

Co-efficient of friction

S e :

Specific energy consumption, kj/kg

W seed :

Weight of seed, kg

W husk :

Weight of husk, kg

W dust :

Weight of dust, kg

W e :

Total power consumed by the machine during dehulling, watts

W o :

Power consumed at no load condition, watts

t :

Time in hrs

t p :

Passed time for breaking of one pod, sec

F :

Feed in kg

S e :

Specific energy consumption of machine, kj/kg

W pod :

Total weight of annatto pod processed in machine (Wpod)

AFBMA:

Anti-Friction Bearing Manufacturers Association

ASME:

American Society of Mechanical Engineers

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Acknowledgments

The authors thank the Ministry of Food Processing Industries, New Delhi for the award of a research grant (No. 52/ MFPI/ R&D/2006) to carry out this study. The authors wish to thank Director, CFTRI, and Head, CFTRI Resource centre, Hyderabad for their cooperation.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Resource Centre, Habshiguda, Uppal Road, Hyderabad, 500 007, India

    R. G. Math, G. Ramesh, A. Nagender & A. Satyanarayana

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  1. R. G. Math
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  2. G. Ramesh
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  3. A. Nagender
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  4. A. Satyanarayana
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Correspondence to R. G. Math.

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Math, R.G., Ramesh, G., Nagender, A. et al. Design and development of annatto (Bixa orellana L.) seed separator machine. J Food Sci Technol 53, 703–711 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13197-015-2019-5

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13197-015-2019-5

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