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Effect of Machine Parameters on Extraction Efficiency of Seed from Annatto (Bixa orellana L.) Pod

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Abstract

Annatto (Bixa orellana L.), a perennial plant primarily cultivated for its seeds. The pigments extracted from its seeds are used as colourants worldwide. The manual separation of seeds from the annatto pods is a tedious and time-consuming process that requires high manpower and results in low productivity and a poor quality product. To overcome human drudgery and increase productivity, a mechanical decorticator was developed. For designing the decorticator, engineering properties like axial dimensions, geometric mean diameter, sphericity, bulk density, porosity, angle of repose, coefficient of static friction, hardness, and terminal velocity of annatto pods at moisture content of 6 and 9% (w.b.) and annatto seeds at moisture content of 8 and 11% (w.b.) were studied. The optimization was performed by analyzing the effect of machine parameters such as shaft speed (250±1, 270±1 and 290±1 rpm), air velocity in blower (2.3±1, 2.5±1 and 2.8±1 m/s) and feed rate (75±1, 100±1 and 125±1 kg/h) on extraction and cleaning efficiencies and percentage of seed damage using Response Surface Methodology (RSM). The optimized machine parameters of feed rate (125 kg/h), shaft speed (250 rpm) and air velocity in the blower (2.3 m/s) resulted in maximum extraction and cleaning efficiencies of 98.1 and 99.8 wt.%, respectively, with a minimum seed damage of 3.9 wt.% and a desirability value of 0.91.

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Conflict of Interest

The authors declare no potential conflict of interest.

Funding

Authors gratefully acknowledge, “The Department of Science and Technology, Science and Engineering Research Board, New Delhi” for funding this research work under Core Research Grant. The authors thank Dr. K. Kumaran, Professor and Head, Department of Forest Biology and Tree Improvement, Forest College and Research Institute, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Mettupalayam, India for providing the raw materials for the research work.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Food Process Engineering, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, 641003, India

    P. Sudha & V. Manoja

  2. Department of Agriculture Engineering, Sri Shanmugha College of Engineering and Technology, Salem, 637304, India

    V. Manoja

  3. Department of Agricultural Engineering, Saveetha Engineering College, Chennai, 602105, India

    S. Ganga Kishore

  4. Department of Food Technology, Hindusthan College of Engineering and Technology, Coimbatore, 641032, India

    J. Deepa

  5. Department of Forest Biology and Tree Improvement, Forest College and Research Institute, Mettupalayam, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Tamil Nadu, India

    P.S. Devanand

  6. Physiology, Biochemistry and Post-Harvest Technology Division, ICAR-Central Plantation Crops Research Institute, Kasaragod, Kerala, 671124, India

    R. Pandiselvam

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Contributions

P. Sudha- Conceptualization, Methodology, Investigation; V. Manoja- Methodology, Investigation, writing original draft; S. Ganga Kishore- Methodology, Writing original draft; J. Deepa - Methodology, Investigation, Writing original draft; P.S. Devanand - Methodology, Investigation; R. Pandiselvam- Conceptualization, Investigation, Resources, Original draft, Review & Editing.

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Correspondence to R. Pandiselvam.

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Sudha, P., Manoja, V., Kishore, S.G. et al. Effect of Machine Parameters on Extraction Efficiency of Seed from Annatto (Bixa orellana L.) Pod. Biomass Conv. Bioref. (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13399-023-04613-y

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